Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves Flashcards
What are the 5 regions of the spine and what are their numbers?
1) Cervical region (C1-C8)
2) Thoracic region (T1-12)
3) Lumbar region (L1-L5)
4) Sacral region (S1-S5)
5) Coccygeal region (Co)
What three things are at the end of the spinal cord?
1) Conus Medullaris
2) Cauda Equina
3) Filum Terminale
What is the conus medullaris and where is it on the spinal cord in adults, children, and newborns?
It is the tapering end of the spinal cord (cone shape)
It is at L1 in adults, L2 in children, and L3 in newborns
What is the cauda equina?
The hair like structure off the end of the spinal cord
What is the filum terminale and where does it end?
A extension of pia mater form the end of the spinal cord, it ends at the coccyx
What are the 2 enlargements of the spine?
1) cervical enlargement
2) lumbosacral enlargement
Where is the cervical enlargement found and what is inside it?
- It is found in the inferior cervical region
- it is packed with neurons for the arms
Where is the lumbosacral enlargement found and what is inside it?
- It is found in the mid lumbar region
- it is packed with neurons for the legs
What is the order of the meninges within the spinal cord?
1) Vertebra
2) Epidural space
3) Dura
4) Subdural space
5) Arachnoid
6) Subarachnoid space
7) pia mater
What is dermatome?
A area of the body that is innervated by a single nerve
What is referred pain?
Pain that is felt along a dermatome
What is a nerve plexus
A group of spinal nerves
Why does we have nerve plexuses?
They are our back up system so if one nerve is damaged the rest of the nerves in the plexus will still work so it may not completely damage a function
What is the most superior plexus?
The cervical plexus (C1-C4)
What does the cervical plexus cover?
The anterior neck muscles, the skin of neck, and the head and shoulders
What is the phrenic nerve?
Is innervates with the diaphragm
What are hiccups caused by?
Irritation of the phrenic nerve causing spasms of the diaphragm and sudden closure of the epiglottis
What is the plexus just inferior to the cervical plexus?
The brachial plexus (C5-T1)
What does the axillary nerve innervate with?
The teres minor and deltoid
What muscles does the median nerve cover?
The muscles of the antebrachium and manus
The median nerve receives sensory information from what?
Digits 1, 2, 3, 1/2 of 4
What is the median nerve associated with?
Carpal tunnel
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate with?
The flexors of the elbow (ex: biceps brachii)
What is the more commonly known name for the ulnar nerve?
The funny bone
What muscles does the ulnar nerve cover?
The muscles of the manus and forearm
Where does the ulnar nerve receive sensory information from?
The 4 & 5 digits
What nerve plexus is inferior to the brachial plexus?
The lumbar plexus
What nerve innervates the quad’s and the sartorius?
The femoral nerve
Where does the femoral nerve receive sensory information from?
From the medial leg
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
The gracilis
Where does the obturator nerve receive information from?
From the super medial skin of the thigh
What nerve plexus is inferior to the lumbar plexus?
The sacral plexus (L4-S4)
What is the largest nerve in the body?
The sciatic nerve
What is the sciatic nerve deep to?
The piriformis
What two nerves does the sciatic nerve spilt into?
The tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)
Is the tibial nerve posterior or superior?
It’s on the posterior side of the leg
What muscles does the tibial nerve run through?
The hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and the soleus
Where does the tibial nerve receive sensory from?
The sole of the foot
Is the common fibular nerve on the posterior or the superior of the leg?
The superior portion of the leg
What muscles does the common fibular nerve innervate?
The tibialis anterior, and the peroneus longus
Where does the common fibular nerve receive sensory information from?
Anterolateral part of the leg, the toes, and dorsum of the foot
What does the neural tube form during development?
It forms the CNS during development
What does the neural canal form during development?
Forms the central canal of the spinal cord
What can be causes by damage above C3?
Respirator-dependent quadriplegic
What are respirator-dependent quadriplegic most likely to die from?
Asphyxiation
If they live what will they require to survive?
They will require respiratory device
What will result if there is damage to C4-C7?
Quadriplegia
What does quadriplegia mean?
Paralysis to both legs and both arms (along with trunk)
What can result form damage to T1-L1?
Paraplegia
What is paraplegia?
Paralysis of legs and lower trunk
Where does the spinal cord end in adults?
L1
Where does the spinal cord end in children?
L2
What is grey matter in the spinal cord?
Inner part of the spinal cord
What is white matter in the spinal cord?
The outer part of the spinal cord
What does the middle canal contain?
CSF
What is the conus medullaris?
The tapering end of the spinal cord (cone shape)
Where does the conus medullaris start in adults, children, and newborns?
Adults- L1
Children- L2
Newborns- L3
What is the cauda equine?
The hair like structure off the end of the spinal cord
What is a dermatome?
The area of the body that is innervated by a single nerve
What does the dermatome create?
A map around the body
What are shingles?
A chickenpox virus that continues to live within your body
What does shingles present as?
A one sided painful rash that follows a dermatome
