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Human Anatomy 2320 > Appendicular muscles > Flashcards

Appendicular muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the pectoral girdle?

A

1) Pectoralis minor
2) Serratus anterior

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2
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

protracts and depresses the scapula

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3
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

protracts and depress scapula, superiorly rotates scapula

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4
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

the occipital bone (superior nuchal line), ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of C7-T12

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

the cavicle, acromion, and the spine of the scapula

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6
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

elevates and retracts scapula, hyperextension of the neck, and adduts the scapula

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7
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

retracts and elevates scapula and inferior rotation

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8
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

retracts and elevates scapula and inferior rotate

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9
Q

What are the rhomboids antagonist to?

A

the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

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10
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

the spinous processes T7-T12, lower ribs, and iliac crest

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

the intertubercular groove

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12
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

the prime mover of arm extension, draws arm down, backward, and medially rotates

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13
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi a synergist to?

A

the teres major

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14
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A

costal cartilage, clavicle, and sternal body

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

intertubercular groove

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16
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

the prime mover of arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm

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17
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

adducts and flexes arm

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18
Q

What is the coracobrachialis a synergist too?

A

the pectoralis major

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19
Q

What is the coracobrachialis deep too?

A

the biceps brachii

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20
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

medial rotation, arm extension, adduction

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21
Q

What is the teres major a synergist to?

A

the latissimus dorsi

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22
Q

what is the action of the teres minor?

A

lateral rotation adducts

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23
Q

what is the teres minor a synergist too?

A

the infraspinatus and latissimus dorsi

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24
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid?

A

the acromial end of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula

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25
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

the deltoid tuberosity

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26
Q

What is the action of the anterior deltoid?

A

flex and medially rotate

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27
Q

What is the action of the mid deltoid?

A

the prime mover of arm abduction

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28
Q

What is the action of the posterior deltoid?

A

extend and laterally rotate

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29
Q

What are the 4 quad muscles?

A

1) Vatus intermedius
2) vastus medialis
3) rectus femoris
4) vastus lateralis

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30
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?

A

anteriolateral femur

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31
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

the quad tendon

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32
Q

What is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A

it extends the leg

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33
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A

the intertrochanteric line and linea aspera

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34
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

the quad tendon

35
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

to extend the leg

36
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

37
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

the quad tendon

38
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

the extend the leg andd flex the thigh

39
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A

the greater trochanter and linea aspera

40
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

the quad tendon

41
Q

What is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

to extend the leg

42
Q

What is the pes ansurine?

A

the medial aspect of the tibia

43
Q

What is the origin of the sartorius?

44
Q

What is the insertion of the sartorius?

A

the pes ansurine

45
Q

What is the action of the sartorius?

A

flexes the leg and thigh, rotates thigh lateral and leg medial

46
Q

What is the action of the gracilis?

A

adducts the thigh, and flexes leg at knee

47
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A

1) Semitendinousus
2) Semimembranosus
3) Biceps femoris

48
Q

What are the origins of the hamstring muscles?

A

the ischial tuberosity (all but the short head of the biceps femoris)

49
Q

What is the insertion of the semitendinousus?

A

the pes ansurine

50
Q

What is the action of the semitendiousus and the semimembranosus?

A

to extend the thigh and flex the leg, plus medially rotates the leg

51
Q

What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

the posterior tibia

52
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

the linea aspera

53
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

A

the head of the fibula

54
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

to extend the thigh, flex the leg, and laterally rotates leg

55
Q

What is the action of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?

A

to evert the foot, as weak plantar flexion

56
Q

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexion and invertion of the foot

57
Q

What is the tibialis anterior a common site for?

A

shin splints

58
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius and the soleus?

A

the achilles tendon

59
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

the superior posterior femur

60
Q

what is the action of the gastrocnemius?

A

flexes leg and plantar flexes foot

61
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

plantar flexes foot

62
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

the iliac crest, sacrum, and the coccyx

63
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

the IT band, linea aspera, and the gluteal tuberosity of femur

64
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

to extend and laterally rotate the thigh

65
Q

What is the action of the piriformis?

A

to externally rotates the hip

66
Q

What can the piriformis put pressure on?

A

the sciatic nerve

67
Q

What happen to the piriformis because the sciatic nerve is running through it?

A

it can spilt

68
Q

What does the piriformis run deep too?

A

the superior aspect of the thigh

69
Q

What is the action of the tensor fascia latae?

A

it abducts the thigh, and medially rotates thigh

70
Q

Where is the IT band located?

A

the lateral portion of the leg

71
Q

What does the IT band insert into?

A

it inserts into the tibia

72
Q

What are the three compartments of the crural region?

A

1) Anterior compartment
2) lateral compartment
3) posterior compartment

73
Q

What is the action of the anterior compartment?

A

dorsiflex foot and extend toes

74
Q

What is the action of the lateral compartment?

A

plantar flex and evert foot

75
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment?

A

plantar flex foot and flex toes

76
Q

What muscles contribute to the IT band?

A
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • gluteus maximus
77
Q

What is retinaculum?

A

dense tissue that holds in tendons

78
Q

What is flexor retinaculum?

A
  • anterior surface of carpal bones
  • carpal tunnel
79
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

pressure built up inside of fascial sheath in limbs of the body

80
Q

What are help with compartment syndrome?

A
  • ice
  • elevation
  • rest
    -NO COMPRESSION
81
Q

What can heat do with compartment syndrome?

A

increase swelling

82
Q

If compartment syndrome becomes servere what do you need to do, and what does it entail?

A

“Decompression fasciotomy”
- to cut open to allow for swelling and let it drain

83
Q

What is plantar fasciitis and where do you find it?

A

it is inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis “fascia” of the foot

84
Q

What is plantar fasciitis caused by?

A
  • over extertion
  • age (lack of elasticity)
  • walking
  • jogging
  • high heeled shoes
  • etc…

Human Anatomy 2320 (13 decks)

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