Axial Muscles Flashcards
What are the two parts of the Epicranius?
1) Galea Aponeurotica
2) Occipitofrontalis
Another name for the Galea Aponeurotica?
The epicranial aponeurosis
What action does the frontal belly do?
Moves scalp, and wrinkles forehead
What does the occitital belly do?
Moves the scalp posteriorly
What are the 3 anterior facial and neck muscles?
1) obicularis oris
2) platysma
3) sternocleidomastoid
What is the action of the obicularis oris?
closes lips, and puckers lips
What action does the platysma create?
pulls lip down, depresses manidble
What are the 4 lateral facial muscles?
1) buccinator
2) medial/lateral pterygoid
3) Temporalis
4) Masseter
What is the action of the buccinator?
it compresses the cheeks (trumpeter), puff out cheeks, keeps food in
What is the action of the medial/lateral pterygoid?
elevates and protacts the mandiable, moves the mandible from side to side
where is the medial/lateral pterygoid located?
it’s deep to the mandible
what is the medial/lateral pterygoid a synergist too?
the masseter
What is the origin of the temporalis?
the temporal bone
What is the insertion of the temporalis?
the coronoid process
What is the action of the temporalis?
elevates and retracts the jaw
What is the origin of the masseter?
the zygomatic arch
What is the insertion of the masseter?
the angle of the mandible
What is the action of the masseter?
elevates and protracts the jaw
what is the masseter a synergist to?
the pterygoids
what are the temporalis and the masseter synergists for?
elevating the mandible
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
the sternum and the clavicle
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
the mastoid process
What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
it rotates the neck opposite of flexing muscle. I f both contract, it pulls the head down and forward (flexion)
What is the origin of the trapezius?
the occitial bone, ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C7-T12
What is the insertion of the trapezius?
the clavicle, acromion process, and the spine of scapula
What is the action of the trapezius?
elevates and adducts scapula, extends neck
What is the action of the Splenius capitus?
if one contracts, it will turn the head toward the same side of the muscles. If both contract, it pulls the head back.
The action of the semispinalis capitus?
same as the splenius capitus
Which direction does the semispinalis capitus run?
straight down the neck (like a striaght semi)
What muscle is the synergists in neck extention?
the trapezius
Splenius capitus
Semispinalis
What are the 2 muscles in the back?
1) erector spinae
2) transverospinalis
What is the action of the erector spinae?
the lateral flexion if only one side contracts
extension if both side contract
what is the prime extensor of the spine?
The erector spinae
What is the action of the transversospinalis?
lateral flexion and extension
What are the 3 muscles that are associated with breathing?
1) Diaphragm
2) external intercostal muscles
3) internal intercostal muscles
What is the action of the diaphragm?
contraction during inhalation causes the diaphragm to move inferior- recoils during exhalation
What is the action of the external intercostal muscles?
elevates ribs during inhalation
What is the action of the interal intercostal muscles?
depress ribs during forced exhalation
What muscles produce inhalation?
the diaphragm and external intercostals
what is restful exhalation
elastic recoil
what muscles cause forceful exhalation?
internal intercostal and abdominals
What are the 4 abdomen muscles?
1) External obliques
2) Interal obliques
3) Transverse abdominis
4) Rectus abdominis
What is the action of both external obliques?
they compress abdomen and flex vertabral column
What is the action of one external oblique?
lateral flexion of vertebral column
What is the action of the internal oblique
same as the external oblique
What is the action of the transverse abdominis?
compresses abdomen
What is the transverse abdominis?
the natural back brace
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
the pubic bone
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
the xyphoid process and mid ribs
What is the action of the rectus abdominis?
flexes the vertebral and compresses the abdomen
What are the 5 ligaments/sheaths?
1) inguinal ligament
2) rectus sheath
3) linae semilunaris
4) teninous intersections
5) linae alba
What is the location of the inguinal ligament?
inferior to the external obliques
What does the rectus sheath cover?
the abdomen
What is the linae semilunaris described as?
the lateral “half-moon shape”
What does the tendinous intersections create?
the separates “6 pack”
Where is the linae alba located?
Down the center of the rectus abdominis
What are the 5 muscles associated with the pelvic?
1) perineum
2) urogenital tringle
3) anal triangle
4) levator ani
5) pubococcygeus
What is the perineum?
The diamond shape region between lower appendages
What is the urogenital triangle?
the anterior peritoneum
What is the anal triangle?
posterior peritoneum
What does the levator ani support?
the pelvic viscera
What does the pubociccygeus contribute to?
the levator ani
What is Bells Palsy?
paralysis of the facial nerve which causes paralysis of the face
What is strabismus?
otherwise known as “lazy eye”
when the brain pushes weak eye away causing the “lazy eye” look
What are 2 things that can help with a strabismus?
1) Glasses may fix
2) patch good eye will force brain to use lazy eye
What is tetanus?
toxin locking muscles
What is the first sign of tetanus?
lockjaw
What is the later stages of tetanus?
Opisthotonos (full contraction of muscles)
What is botox and what is it a form of?
Paralysis to muscles reducing wrinkles
a form of botulism
What are 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff (SItS)
1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) teres minor
4) subscapularis
What is the action of the supraspinatus?
abduction of arm at the shoulder
What is the action of the infraspinatus?
lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
What is the action of the teres minor?
lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
what is the action of the supscapularis?
medial rotation at shoulder
What happens when you damage C3 and above?
respirator dependent quadriplegic
