Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards by Addyson Crabtree

What are the parts of the scapula?

spine
acromion process
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
supraspinus fossa
infraspinus fossa
supscapular fossa

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What are the parts that make up the pectoral girdle?

clavicle
scapula

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What are the 3 parts of the clavicle and what is the clavicles purpose?

1) AC joint (lateral)
2) SC joint (medial)
3) conoid tubercle (inferior-lateral)
The clavicle keeps the arms from collapsing forward.

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What is the scapula used for?

Attachment for many muscles

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What is at the proximal end of the humerus?

head
anatomical/surgical neck
greater and lesser tubercles
deltoid tuberosity
intertubercular groove

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What is at the distal end of the humerus?

capitulum
trochlea
radial fossa
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
medial/lateral epicondyles

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What makes up the antibrachium?

radius
ulna

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What are the different parts of the radius?

head
neck
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch
styloid process

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What are the parts of the ulna?

trochlear notch
radial notch
olecranon
coronoid process
styloid process

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What are the different fractures of the upper extremities?

step off fracture: separation of the A-C joint
subluxation fracture: dislocating and then going right back in
tennis elbow: lateral epicondylitis
Coles fracture: fracture of the distal end of radius (silver fork)

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What are the 3 parts of the pelvic girdle (os coxae)

1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis

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What are the landmarks of the Ilium?

Auricular surface
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
PSIS (posterior superior lilac spine)
Iliac crest

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What are the landmarks of the Ischium?

Ischial tuberosity

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What are the landmarks of the pubis?

obturator foramen
superior/inferior ramus
symphysis pubis

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What is the true pubis?

The pelvic outlet (area inferior to the ilium)

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What is the false pubis?

The area between the flared iliac bones (area superior to the ischium)

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What are the 5 lower extremities?

1) Femur
2) Patella
3) Tibia
4) Fibula
5) Tarsals

What are the parts of the femur?

head
fovea
neck
shaft
linea aspera
greater/lesser trochanter
patellar surface
intercondylar fossa
medial/lateral epicondyles
medial/lateral condyles

What are the parts of the patella?

base
apex
articular facets

What are the parts of the tibia?

medial/lateral condyles
intercondylar eminences
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus
fibular articular surface

What are the parts of the fibula?

head
shaft
lateral malleolus

What are the parts of the tarsals?

talus
calcaneus

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

1) medial longitudinal arch
2) lateral longitudinal arch
3) transverse arch

What are the 2 foot conditions that can happen to the arches?

-pes cavus (high arches)
- pes plants (flat foot)

3 different fractures/problems with the lower extremities?

1) talipes equinovarus: clubfoot 2) pelvic fracture 3) femur fracture

What can be done about talipes equinovarus?

Congenital Botox and cast may be used to straighten the feet and legs

What can happen with a pelvic fracture?

Extreme blood loss External or internal fixation required

What can help with a femur fracture?

Extreme blood loss Traction splint required (muscle spasms)

What is a pott’s fracture?

- both malleoli are fractured - dislocation of the ankle joint - trimalleolar fx (medial and posterior malleoli of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula

4 more fracture that can happen to the lower extremities?

1) Potts fracture: fracture of both distal ends of the fibula and tibia 2) patella fracture: contained in quadricep rectus femoris preventing fragments 3) tibia/fibular: usually fracture at the same time 4) gangrene: tissue dying (must be surgically removed)

What helps the baby have space to come out during birth (parturition)

Relaxin released by corpus luteum of ovary which loosens the symphysis pubis and the sacroiliac joint to increase diameter of pelvis

What is hypovelemic shock?

Shock from extreme blood loss

What is interosseous infusions?

Life saving infusions in children administered into the tibial tuberosity

What is a “hip fracture”?

Femoral neck fracture

Number of phalanges in the hand?

Number of metacarpals?

Number of carpals?

How many bone in total are in the hand?

Number of phalanges in the foot?

Number of metatarsals?

Numbers of tarsals?

How many bones in total are in the foot?