Vertebrates 3

Question 1

Explain the unique adaptations of birds for flight.

Answer 1

Birds have feathers for lift and insulation, hollow bones to reduce weight, and a highly developed nervous system for coordination.

Question 2

How do birds maintain a constant body temperature, and what is the significance of their nervous system in flight?

Answer 2

Birds are endothermic and have a four-chambered heart. Their nervous system provides coordination and acute eyesight for flight.

Question 3

What are the defining characteristics of mammals, and how do they differ from other vertebrates?

Answer 3

Mammals are warm-blooded, have mammary glands, and most have legs designed for running. They differ in reproductive strategies and hair covering.

Question 4

Describe the three groups of mammals and provide examples of each.

Answer 4

Monotremes (platypus), marsupials (kangaroo), and placental mammals (human).

Question 5

What distinguishes monotremes from other mammals, and how do they reproduce?

Answer 5

Monotremes lay eggs and incubate them in a pouch or between belly and tail. Examples include the platypus and echidnas.

Question 6

Discuss the reproductive strategy and embryonic development of marsupials.

Answer 6

Marsupials give birth to very immature young, which continue development in a pouch. They have a placenta that exchanges gases and nutrients.