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Biology 101 > Vertebrates > Flashcards

Vertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

All chordates have what type of symmetry?

A

Bilateral

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2
Q

Most chordates are in what class?

A

Vertebrates

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3
Q

All chordates have what three characteristics?

A

A complete digestive system, cephalization, and an endoskeleton.

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4
Q

A tube-within-a-tube body plan goes from mouth to anus, but is it an incomplete or complete digestive system?

A

Complete digestive system

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5
Q

Supports organs, size, efficient movement, and support are four characteristics of what?

A

An endoskeleton

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6
Q

What are the seven classes of the phylum Chordata in the kingdom Animalia?

A

Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia

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7
Q

The class Agnatha is made up of what type of fish? How many species?

A

Jawless fishes with 100 species

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8
Q

A skeleton of cartilage and a slender, eel-shaped body are two characteristics of what class?

A

Agnatha

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9
Q

What are two examples of the class Agnatha?

A

Sea lamprey and hagfish

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10
Q

While most fishes in the Agnatha class are either fresh or saltwater, what can swim in both?

A

Sea lamprey

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11
Q

Live birth, laying eggs, or eggs carried by other until hatching and cartilage skeletons are two characteristics of what fish?

A

Chondrichhyes

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12
Q

The class Chondrichthyes is made up of what type of fish and how many species?

A

Cartilaginous fishes of approximately 1,140 species

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13
Q

Approximately how many species of sharks are there?

A

Approximately 440 species

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14
Q

Approximately how many species of rays are there?

A

Approximately 500 species

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15
Q

Approximately how many species of skates are there?

A

Approximately 200 species

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16
Q

Sharks “fly” through the water due to what scientific principle?

A

Bernoulli’s principle

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17
Q

What is the smallest shark that is living? Scientific name is etmopterus perryi

A

Dwarf lanternshark

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18
Q

The largest living fish is the what?

A

Whale shark

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19
Q

How long ago did the megalodon live?

A

25-1.6 million years ago

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20
Q

5% or how many species of sharks must swim to breath?

A

24

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21
Q

What are examples of sharks that must swim to breathe?

A

Mako sharks, hammerheads, great whites, whale sharks, reef sharks, and etc.

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22
Q

The class Osteichthyes are made up of what fishes and how many species are there?

A

Bony fishes of approximately 34,000 species

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23
Q

The largest class of chordates is the what class and contains over 50% of chordates?

A

Osteichthyes

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24
Q

Cold-blooded, maintain buoyancy, 97% lay eggs (most externally fertilized) are three characteristics of what class?

A

Osteichthyes

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25
Q

The smallest fish of the class Osteichthyes is what and what is the size? What family is it part of?

A

Paedocypris progenetica between 9.8 to 10.3 mm and is a member of the carp family

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26
Q

The largest fish of the class Osteichthyes is what?

A

Ocean sunfish

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27
Q

What are examples of Osteichthyes?

A

Leafy seadragon, ocean sunfish, gulpers, anglerfish, and dunkleosteus

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28
Q

Gulpers live how many feet below the ocean surface?

A

10,000 feet below

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29
Q

Anglerfish live how many feet below the surface?

A

3,000 feet below

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30
Q

The class Amphibia is made up of what animals and how many species?

A

Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians of approximately 6,800 species

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31
Q

Cold-blooded, lay eggs, 50% of respiration across moist skin, and live in a water/moist habitat are characteristics of what class?

A

Amphibia

32
Q

The smallest known vertebrate is found in what country and is in what class?

A

Papua New Guinea and amphibia

33
Q

The smallest known vertebrate is what size and what is its name?

A

7.7 mm and paedophryne amaunsis

34
Q

Are all toads poisonous? Why is this and where are they located?

A

Yes due to paratoid glands located behind toads’ eyes that secrete a moderately potent toxin known as bufotoxin

35
Q

The largest salamander in the US is the what? Where is the largest salamander in the world found?

A

Eastern hellbender and Japan

36
Q

There has been a what to what percent drop in hellbender numbers since 995%

A

60-80%

37
Q

The drop in number of hellbenders is due to what?

A

Mining runoff (lead), fertilizers, and agricultural runoff

38
Q

Where are caecilians found?

A

South America, Africa, and south Asia

39
Q

Cold-blooded, lay eggs, and sightless are three characteristics of what animals?

A

Caecilians

40
Q

The class Reptilia is made up of what animals and how many species?

A

Crocodiles, alligators, lizards, snakes, turtles, and tortoises of approximately 8,400 species

41
Q

Scaly, waterproof skins that help allow them to live in the driest and hottest places, cold-blooded, and amniotic eggs laid on dry land are characteristics of what class?

A

Reptilia

42
Q

Thinner snout and teeth always visible are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Crocodiles

43
Q

Light-tan color and found on many places on Earth are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Crocodiles

44
Q

Aggressive and 23 different species are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Crocodiles

45
Q

Broad snout and can’t see teeth without mouth closed are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Alligators

45
Q

Grayish-black color and found in southeast United States and some parts of China are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Alligators

46
Q

Tend to run away and 2 different species (American and Chinese) are two characteristics of what animal?

A

Alligators

47
Q

How many species of snakes are there?

A

Approximately 2,800 species

48
Q

How many species of lizards are there?

A

Approximately 4,800 species

49
Q

What are two characteristics lizards possess that snakes do not have?

A

Have eyelids and external ear openings

50
Q

What is the difference between turtles and tortoises?

A

Tortoises have more rounded and dented shells where turtles have thinner, more water-dynamic shells.

51
Q

How many species of sea turtles are there?

A

Seven species

52
Q

What class were dinosaurs in?

A

Reptilia

53
Q

Birds are in what class and how many species are there?

A

Aves and approximately 10,000 species

54
Q

Birds are living what?

A

Dinosaurs

55
Q

Winged, bipedal, warm-blooded reptiles, and lay amniotic eggs on dry land are characteristics of what class?

A

Aves

56
Q

The class Mammalia has how many species? What animals?

A

Approximately 5,500 species of whales, elephants, echidna, mice, armadillos, shrews, bats, primates, dogs, marsupials, cats, and more

56
Q

Mammary glands, hair, and warm-blooded are three characteristics of what class?

A

Mammalia

57
Q

What three groups are in the class Mammalia? Which is the largest and how many species?

A

Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. The largest group is placentals with approximately 4,000 species

58
Q

How many marine mammals are there?

A

120 species

59
Q

What is the largest animal ever?

A

The blue whale

60
Q

Marine mammals include what?

A

Cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea otters, sirenians, and polar bears

61
Q

What are four examples of pinnipeds?

A

Seals, sea lions, fur seals, and walruses

62
Q

What are three examples of cetaceans?

A

Dolphins, porpoises, and whales

63
Q

Two examples of sirenians are what?

A

Dugongs and manatees

64
Q

The scientific name for polar bears is what?

A

Ursus maritimus

65
Q

Monotremes are what type of mammal? How many species are there?

A

Egg laying mammals and five species

66
Q

What are two examples of monotremes?

A

Echidna and platypus

67
Q

What is the scientific name of the platypus?

A

Ornithorhynchus anatinus

68
Q

Wallaby, kangaroo, koala, wombat, Tasmanian devil, dasyure (quoll), phalanger, opossum, and Thylacine are examples of what?

A

Marsupials

69
Q

The only North American marsupial is the what and how long has it been around?

A

The opossum, or didelphis virginana

70
Q

The opossum was named by the what tribe?

A

Virginia Algonquian (Powhatan)

70
Q

Opossum means white what or what?

A

Dog or beast

70
Q

Another name for the Thylacine was what? When did it go extinct? Scientific name?

A

Tasmanian tiger, 1936, and thylacinus cynocephalus

71
Q

Placental mammals are named after what?

A

The placenta the baby/fetus is grown in

72
Q

Canines and primates are both what group of mammals?

A

Placentals

Biology 101 (17 decks)

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