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Biology 101 > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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3
Q

Which cell type lacks a nucleus and no membranes around internal parts?

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Which cell type has a nucleus and membranes around internal parts?

A

Eukaryotic

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5
Q

What is the smallest human cell overall and which one for females?

A

Sperm and red blood cells

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6
Q

What is the largest human cell overall and for males?

A

Eggs and fat cells

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7
Q

Are some cells visible? What are two examples?

A

Yes, egg yolks and frog eggs

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8
Q

Humans have approximately 60 trillion cells. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

Inclusions, cytosol, membranes, and organelles are the four major parts of what?

A

Cells

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10
Q

The cytosol and organelles outside the nucleus are held in what?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Germs, glycogen, mucus, and pigments such as melanin are what major part of the cells?

A

Inclusions

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12
Q

The water-based “juice” in the cell composed of waters, carbs, lipids, pieces of DNA, pieces of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and wastes is what major part of the cell?

A

Cytosol

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13
Q

The cell membrane is made out of what two things?

A

Protein and phospholipids

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14
Q

Which type of cells have membranes around organelles?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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14
Q

Is the tail or head of the phospholipid hydrophilic?

A

Heads

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14
Q

What major part of the cell is tiny components that allow the cell to work?

A

Organelles

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15
Q

What is the largest organelle that also contains most of the cell’s DNA?

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

Housing the nucleolus and protecting genetic material is the job of what organelle?

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

What organelle is located inside the nucleus and is made of DNA, RNA, and proteins?

A

Nucleolus

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17
Q

Making ribosomes is the job of what organelle?

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

What organelle is made of DNA, RNA, and protein and has no membrane?

A

Ribosome

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19
Q

The place where proteins are made is the job of what organelle?

A

Ribosome

20
Q

The transport and storage of materials that are interconnected tubes continuous with the nuclear membrane are what two structures?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

Part of protein making is the job of what organelle?

A

Rough ER

22
Q

Manufacturing lipids and detoxifying is the job of what organelle?

A

Smooth ER

23
Q

Stacks of flattened sacs that also make secretory vesicles and lysosomes is what organelle?

A

Golgi

24
Q

Storage and packaging center is the job of what organelle?

A

Golgi

25
Q

What is the small fluid-filled body produced by the golgi?

A

Secretory vesicles

26
Q

The organelle that transports proteins is what?

A

Secretory vesicles

27
Q

What organelle digests all sorts of molecules/structures using enzymes such as foreign bodies, other parts of the cell, or the entire cell?

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

What organelle has a simple spherical membrane where digestive enzymes are found inside?

A

Lysosome

28
Q

Lysosome enzymes are made by the proteins from what organelle?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

What part of the lysosomes are enclosed within vesicles by the Golgi apparatus?

A

Enzymes

29
Q

What organelle has its own DNA?

A

Ribosome

30
Q

Releasing energy from food, or cellular respiration, is the job of what organelle?

A

Mitochondrion

31
Q

100s of little hair-like “fingers” that move in an undulating fashion are what organelle?

A

Cilia

31
Q

Moving things around, such as eggs, clearing junk from lungs, and some microorganisms, is the job of what organelle?

A

Cilia

32
Q

What organelle has longer but fewer than cilia that moves in a cork-screw fashion?

A

Flagella

33
Q

Locomotion for some cells such as bacteria or sperm is the job of what organelle?

A

Flagella

34
Q

What organelle produces structures made of tubes like cilia, flagella, more of itself, and tubes needed in cell division?

A

Centrioles

35
Q

What organelle is typically in pairs near the nucleus but has no membrane?

A

Centrioles

36
Q

What organelle is only found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells that has its own DNA?

A

Chloroplasts

37
Q

Capturing and converting energy to be released by mitochondria is the job of what organelle?

A

Chloroplasts

38
Q

The chloroplast has how many membranes?

A

Two: Inner and outer

39
Q

The aqueous place inside the chloroplasts is called what?

A

Stroma

40
Q

What are internal folds found within the stroma?

A

Thylakoids

41
Q

Stacks of thylakoids are called what?

A

Granum (Grana)

42
Q

Chlorophyll is found in the membrane of the what?

A

Thylakoid

43
Q

The vacuole is had by what and some what?

A

Plants and some protists

44
Q

What organelle is bound by a single membrane and keeps the cell from collapsing on itself?

A

Vacuole

45
Q

A cell wall is had by some what and what?

A

Plants and some algae

46
Q

Controlling the amount of water in the cell is the job of what organelle?

A

Vacuole

47
Q

The cell wall is made by what?

A

Carbohydrates (cellulose)

48
Q

Supporting and protecting the cell and giving stiffness to the plant cell is the job of what organelle?

A

Cell wall

Biology 101 (17 decks)

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