Chemical Foundation of Cells

Question 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass is what?

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Can elements be broken down into simpler things?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

How many elements of the 118 are naturally occurring?

Answer 3

92 elements

Question 4

99% of the atoms in any living thing come from what six elements? (CHNOPS)

Answer 4

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 4

How many elements can be found in living things?

Answer 4

25 elements

Question 5

The smallest unit of an element that still behaves like that element is what?

Answer 5

An atom

Question 6

The atomic symbol is what?

Answer 6

1 or 2 letters to represent the element

Question 7

What determines what element it is?

Answer 7

The number of protons

Question 8

What is the naturally occurring carbon?

Answer 8

Carbon-12

Question 9

Is Carbon-14 unstable (radioactive)?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What is a molecule where electrons spend less time near hydrogen, which makes the hydrogen more positive?

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

Unless there are many, hydrogen bonding is what?

Answer 11

Relatively weak

Question 11

The attraction of that slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative atom in another or the same molecule

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonding

Question 12

Is water a polar molecule?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Is water 90% of the weight of most plants?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What is the universal solvent and a polar molecule?

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

Organic molecules contain what elements?

Answer 15

Carbon

Question 16

What are the four types of organic molecules in living things?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 17

The most abundant organic molecule in nature is what?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates

Question 18

What are three examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Sugars, starches, and celluloses

Question 19

Plants and algae store energy as what?

Answer 19

Starch

Question 19

Animals and fungi store energy as what?

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

The most abundant organic compound known is what?

Answer 20

Cellulose

Question 21

Starch and glycogen easily convert to what?

Answer 21

Sugars

Question 22

What is the plant reinforcing material?

Answer 22

Cellulose

Question 23

What is simple, sweet tasting, and sugars? What is an example?

Answer 23

Monosaccharides and glucose

Question 24

Sucrose is composed of what two compounds?

Answer 24

Glucose and fructose

Question 25

What is an example of disaccharides?

Answer 25

Table sugar/sucrose

Question 26

Many sweet tasting sugars bonding together is what?

Answer 26

Polysaccharides

Question 27

The sweet taste is lost in polysaccharides, which now makes the taste what?

Answer 27

Starchy or woody

Question 28

What are three examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 28

Glucose, glycogen, and starch

Question 29

What is the most energy abundant organic molecule?

Answer 29

Lipids or fats

Question 30

Fats are hydrophobic, or what?

Answer 30

Float on water

Question 31

A phospholipid is what two things bonded together?

Answer 31

Phosphorus and fat

Question 32

A type of lipid molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane?

Answer 32

Phospholipid

Question 33

Triglycerides, phospholipids, oils, steroids, and waxes are examples of what organic molecule?

Answer 33

Lipids

Question 34

Are unsaturated or saturated fats liquid at room temperature?

Answer 34

Unsaturated fats

Question 35

Vegetable oil, fish oil, and olive oil are examples of what type of fat?

Answer 35

Unsaturated fats

Question 36

Are unsaturated or saturated fats solid at room temperature?

Answer 36

Saturated fats

Question 37

Lard, cool bacon grease, palm oil, and coconut oil are what type of fat and are saturated with hydrogen?

Answer 37

Saturated fats

Question 38

The polar head of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What arranges themselves in a double layer of water, called a phospholipid bilayer? Also lipids of cell membranes.

Answer 39

Phospholipids

Question 40

What lipid has a high melting point, waterproof, and not easily taken apart?

Answer 40

Waxes

Question 41

A bee honeycomb, glands of many animal ears, and plant leaves and fruits are made of what?

Answer 41

Waxes

Question 42

What are the building blocks of proteins and there are 20 different ones?

Answer 42

Amino acids

Question 43

Long chains of amino acids are called what?

Answer 43

Polypeptides

Question 44

What determines what proteins are made?

Answer 44

Genes

Question 45

What is the primary protein structure?

Answer 45

Phospholipids

Question 46

What is the secondary protein structure?

Answer 46

Alpha helix or beta sheet

Question 47

What is the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 47

Folded polypeptides and many alpha helixes and beta sheets

Question 48

Special proteins that carry out reactions to build and take apart biomolecules?

Answer 48

Enzymes

Question 49

What is the quaternary protein structure and what does it do?

Answer 49

Two or more folded polypeptides and perform a biological function

Question 50

Are enzymes catalysts?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Epidermis, keratin, muscle, collagen (tendons and ligaments), and spider silk fibers are what type of proteins?

Answer 51

Structural proteins

Question 52

The most abundant protein in the human body is what and are what two things?

Answer 52

Collagen which are tendons and ligaments

Question 53

What are the two nucleic acids?

Answer 53

DNA and RNA

Question 54

DNA and RNA provide information in the form of a code to determine what proteins and RNA get what?

Answer 54

Produced

Question 55

One unit of DNA/RNA is a what?

Answer 55

Nucleotide

Question 56

A phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base are the three parts of what?

Answer 56

Nucleotide

Question 57

Is RNA or DNA almost always single-stranded?

Answer 57

RNA