Chemical Foundation of Cells Flashcards
Anything that takes up space and has mass is what?
Matter
Can elements be broken down into simpler things?
No
How many elements of the 118 are naturally occurring?
92 elements
99% of the atoms in any living thing come from what six elements? (CHNOPS)
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
How many elements can be found in living things?
25 elements
The smallest unit of an element that still behaves like that element is what?
An atom
The atomic symbol is what?
1 or 2 letters to represent the element
What determines what element it is?
The number of protons
What is the naturally occurring carbon?
Carbon-12
Is Carbon-14 unstable (radioactive)?
Yes
What is a molecule where electrons spend less time near hydrogen, which makes the hydrogen more positive?
Water
Unless there are many, hydrogen bonding is what?
Relatively weak
The attraction of that slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative atom in another or the same molecule
Hydrogen bonding
Is water a polar molecule?
Yes
Is water 90% of the weight of most plants?
Yes
What is the universal solvent and a polar molecule?
Water
Organic molecules contain what elements?
Carbon
What are the four types of organic molecules in living things?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
The most abundant organic molecule in nature is what?
Carbohydrates
What are three examples of carbohydrates?
Sugars, starches, and celluloses
Plants and algae store energy as what?
Starch
Animals and fungi store energy as what?
Glycogen
The most abundant organic compound known is what?
Cellulose
Starch and glycogen easily convert to what?
Sugars