Vertebrates

Question 1

All have backbones, or vertebral columns, that help support their bodies.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Flexible rodlike structure which plays a role in the development of the nervous system

Answer 2

Notochord

Question 3

The body of vertebrates is divided into two parts. They are?

Answer 3

Body and tail regions

Question 4

What does the vertebrate have?

Answer 4

It has a distinct head, with a differentiated brain and three pairs of sense organs (nasal, optic, and otic [hearing])

Question 5

What are the 5 main vertebrates?

Answer 5

Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Question 5

They are thought to have emerged some 518 million years ago during the Cambrian Period of Earth’s history.

Answer 5

The first fishes

Question 6

How many fishes found in the fresh and salt waters of the world?

Answer 6

More than 30,000 species

Question 7

The range of fishes adult length

Answer 7

less than 10 mm (0.4 inch) to more than 20 meters (60 feet)

Question 8

Weight of fishes

Answer 8

1.5 grams (less than 0.06 ounce) to many thousands of kilograms

Question 9

Common fish reproduction method

Answer 9

lay a large number of small eggs that are fertilized and scattered outside of the body

Question 10

They usually remain suspended in open water

Answer 10

Pelagic fishes

Question 11

Etymology of Amphibian

Answer 11

Amphibious

Question 12

What does amphibious mean?

Answer 12

living a double life

Question 13

From what and when amphibians evolved?

Answer 13

from fully aquatic tetrapods—(which were essentially “limbed fish”) who descended from lobe-finned fish—sometime between the Early Devonian Period (which began 419 million years ago) to the Early Pennsylvanian Subperiod (which began 323 million years ago).

Question 14

What is the double strategy of amphibians?

Answer 14

Land and aquatic mode of existence

Question 15

What are the 3 living groups of amphibians (7,300 species)?

Answer 15

caecilians, salamanders, and anurans [frogs and toads]

Question 16

They are air breathing vertebrates

Answer 16

Reptiles

Question 17

They have internal fertilization, amniotic development (in which the embryo develops within a set of protective extra-embryonic membranes—the amnion, chorion, and allantois), and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body

Answer 17

Reptiles

Question 18

Major groups of reptiles (8,700 species)

Answer 18

turtles, tuataras, lizards and snakes, and crocodiles

Question 18

At what time period did the reptiles evolved into amphibians?

Answer 18

Pennsylvanian subperiod

Question 18

They make up any of the 9,600 living species unique in having feathers, the major characteristic that distinguishes them from all other animals

Answer 18

Birds

Question 19

They are warm-blooded vertebrates more related to reptiles than to mammals, have a four-chambered heart (as do mammals), forelimbs modified into wings (a trait shared with bats), a hard-shelled egg, and keen vision.

Answer 19

Birds

Question 19

Therapod dinosaurs

Answer 19

a diverse group of carnivorous “lizard-hipped” dinosaurs

Question 20

How many species are there in mammals?

Answer 20

5,000 species

Question 20

This mamma’s young have a longer developmental period within the uterus

Answer 20

Placental mammals

Question 21

In this mammal type, the relatively undeveloped young are carried in a pouch, where they attach themselves to their mother’s nipple until they become fully developed.

Answer 21

Marsupials

Question 22

This mammal differ from other mammals in that they lay eggs which hatch.

Answer 22

Monotreme mammals (that is, the platypus and echidna)