Basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell Flashcards

1
Q

The most primitive cell and have simple structural organization. Has single membrane system

A

Prokaryotic cell

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2
Q

They are included in kingdom Monera and super kingdom Prokaryota

A

Prokaryotic cell

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3
Q

They include bacteria, virus, blue-green algae, mycoplasmas, rickettsia, spirochetes, etc.

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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4
Q

Size of prokaryotic cell

A

1-10 um

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5
Q

3 main components of prokaryotic cell

A

outer covering, cytoplasm, nucleoid

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6
Q

Composed of inner cell or plasma membrane, middle cell wall, and outer slimy capsule

A

Outer covering

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7
Q

Made up of lipids and proteins; thin, flexible, and controls the movement of molecules across the cell

A

Cell membrane

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8
Q

Rigid or semi-rigid non-living structure that surrounds the cell membrane; thickness between 1.5 to 100 um

A

Cell wall

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9
Q

Chemically composed of peptidoglycans

A

Cell wall

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10
Q

Gelatinous coat outside the cell wall

A

Slimy capsule

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11
Q

Composed largely of polysaccharides and sometimes other compounds

A

Slimy capsule

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12
Q

It protects the cell against desiccation, virus attacks, phagocytosis, and antibiotics

A

Slimy capsule

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13
Q

Extends out of cell into the medium

A

Filament

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14
Q

Composed of many intertwined spiral chains of the subunits of a protein

A

Flagellin

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15
Q

Attaches the flagellin to the cell and generates the force to rotate it.

A

Basal body

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16
Q

Parts of the basal body

A

Shaft and hook

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17
Q

Evolved to have double membrane system

A

Eukaryotic cell

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18
Q

One that surrounds the cell, celled cell, or plasma membrane

A

Primary membrane

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19
Q

Surrounds the nucleus and other organelles

A

Secondary membrane

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20
Q

Occur in protists, fungi, plants, and animals

A

Eukaryotic cell

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21
Q

The human blood contains how many corpuscles

A

30 quadrillion

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22
Q

A 60 kg human being has how many cells?

A

60 x 3 raised to 15

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22
Q

This is where multicellular organisms begin their life

A

A single cell “Zygote”

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23
Q

How do multicellular organism become multicellular?

A

Mitotic division during development

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24
Q

The shape of the cell is correlated with?

A

Its functions like muscle or nerve cell

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25
Q

Size of Eukaryotic cell

A

10 to 100 um

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26
Q

Among the smallest cells having the size of 2 um long

A

Sporazoids of malaria parasite (Plasmodiom Vivax)

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27
Q
A
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28
Q
A
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29
Q
A
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31
Q

SIze of ostrich egg

A

175 x 120 mm

31
Q

Size of human cells

31
Q

Size of nerve cell

31
Q

Thin elastic living covering that surrounds the cell and controls the transfer of material across it.

A

Plasma membrane or plasmalemma

32
Q

3 components of the Eukaryotic cell

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

33
Q

Composed of lipid-protein complex, lacks respiratory enzymes, and allows endocytosis/exocytosis

A

Plasma (cell) membrane or plasmalemma

34
Q

Crucial for maintaining the cell’s internal environment and controlling the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products

A

Selective permeability

35
Q

Shields the cell’s internal components from potentially harmful external factors

A

Cellular protection

36
Q

Facilitate the movement of specific molecules into or out of the cell

A

Transport of molecules

37
Q

This, proteins on the cell membrane, help cells adhere to one another and form tissues. Also crucial for the organization of multicellular organisms

A

Cell adhesion

38
Q

Signals specific molecules, initiating intercellular responses

A

Receptor function

39
Q

The cell’s primary energy source

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

40
Q

Semi-fluid, homogenous, translucent, ground substance known as cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol which is present between cell membrane and the nucleus

41
Q

Outer firm layer of cytoplasm

42
Q

Inner layer around the central fluid mass of the protozoan cell

43
Q

Streaming movement in cytosol

44
Q

Organized structures having the specific functions, capacity of growth, and multiplication

A

Organelles

45
Q

Semi-autonomous organelle

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

Why is mitochondria called endo-symbiotic organelle?

A

DNA of mitochondria resembles the bacteria cell

47
Q

Rod like or globule shaped structures scattered in the cytoplasm found single or in groups

A

Mitochondria

48
Q

a clear zone around centrioles, near the nucleus, that includes a specialized portion of cytoplasm

A

Centrosphere

49
Q

The matrix that bears two rounded bodies the “centrioles”

50
Q

are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

A

Centrioles

51
Q

These are the stack of flattened parallel-arranged sacs and vesicles found in association of endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Golgi bodies

52
Q

In plant cells the Golgi complex is called… that secretes required materials for the formation of cell wall at the time of cell division

A

Dictyosome

53
Q

referred to as the “traffic police” of the cell because its enzymes sort out and modify cell’s secretary proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

54
Q

s\is credited with being the first to observe plastids. In 1835, he used a microscope to identify these small, colored structures within plant cells.

A

Hugo von Mohl

55
Q

are a group of organelles found in plant cells, and they play various roles, including photosynthesis (in chloroplasts), storage of pigments (in chromoplasts), and the conversion of starch into sugar (in amyloplasts).

56
Q

are the minute structures covering the surface in some cells.

57
Q

Both cilia and flagella originate from the?

A

basal bodies or blepharoplast

58
Q

determine the cell shape and general organization of the cytoplasm, help in transport of water and ions, cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis) and the formation of spindles during cell division.

A

Microtubules

59
Q

made up of 13 individual filaments.

60
Q

They are mainly composed of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and protein. They are mainly responsible for protein synthesis

61
Q

is the fundamental unit of life, and it is the smallest structure that can carry out the basic functions necessary for an organism’s survival

62
Q

prominent spherical organelle

63
Q

bears pores for the exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

64
Q

a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

A

Nuclear Envelope

65
Q

delicate membranous network in the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

66
Q

The people and year who noted a delicate membranous network in the cytoplasm.

A

1945, Porter, Claude and Fullman

67
Q

Given various names: Nissil substance, ergastoplasm, basophilic bodies

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

68
Q

Ribosomes are absent on the walls of ER

A

Smooth/agranular ER

69
Q

Size of the tubules

A

500-1000A in diameter

70
Q

characterized by the presence of ribosomes on the surface of reticulum - 400 - 500A

A

Rough/granular ER

71
Q

Who said cell is a structure containing a mass of cytoplasm surrounded by semi-permeable membrane called plasma membrane

A

Hans Ris in 1960s

71
Q

Who said cell is defined as unit of biological activity delimited by a semi permeable membrane and capable of self-reproduction in a medium free of other living system?

A

Loewy and Siekevitz 1963