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Zoology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic evolution?

A

Process by which an organism changes itself to adapt best with the environment.

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2
Q

What is the earliest references of evolutionary change?

A

From the ancient Greeks; Empedocles and Aristotle (described concepts of change over time in living organisms)

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3
Q

He believed in a special creation of species and considered change to be degenerate; Attributed change of the organisms to actions of the millieu

A

George Louis Buffon (1707-1788)

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3
Q

He believed in the common ancestry of all organisms; grandfather of charles darwin

A

Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)

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3
Q

He believed that need was dictated by environmental change toward perfection

A

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1741-1829)

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3
Q

He was born on 2/12/1809; interested in dogs and birds; went to Edinberg Scotland (1825) and Christ college in Cambridge (!831); made a contribution to beetle taxonomy

A

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)

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4
Q

Full name of the HMS Beagle

A

Her Majesty’s Ship= British Royal Navy Ship)

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5
Q

The year when HMS Beagle sailed for 5 years

A

12/27/1831

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5
Q

What is the meaning of naturalists on mapping?

A

documents and studies the natural environment including flora, fauna, and
geological features. Observe, record, and analyze the environment to provide valuable information for
mapping.

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6
Q

He nominated Darwin to serve as naturalist on a mapping expedition

A

John S. Henslow

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6
Q

The year when Darwin developed the essence of his conclusions

A

1842

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7
Q

How old was Charles Darwin during the voyage of the beagle

A

27 years old

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8
Q

The year when Darwin presented his idea before the Linnean Society

A

1858

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9
Q

What are the books published by Charles Darwin

A

Zoology of the Beagle Voyage (1843), Fertilization of Orchids (1862), The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication (1873), The descent of Man (1871)

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10
Q

This book contains different zoological specimens that he collected during his
journey on the HMS Beagle

A

Zoology of the Beagle Voyage

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10
Q

The book observes the intricate relationship of orchids and their pollinators. Orchids
evolved to attract insects and birds. Demonstrates his ideas on coevolution and adaptation

A

Fertilization of Orchids

10
Q

The book says anthropological factors that influenced the
breeding of domesticated animals and cultivation of plants comparing them to those in the wild

A

The variation of plants and animals under domestication

11
Q

The book extends his theory of evolution to the context of humanity. Similarities between
man and animals. The development of human moral and intellectual process.

A

The descent of Man

12
Q

He developed ideas of another geologist, James Hutton, into the theory of uniformitarianism; Natural forces shape the earth today

A

Charles Lyell

13
Q

What is the book of Charles Lyell’s?

A

Principles of Geology

14
Q

What are the 2 vital ideas in from the principles of geology?

A

Earth could be older than 6,000 years, living forms change over time

14
Q

This was named after the large tortoise that inhabit them

A

Galapagos island

14
Q

This provided an example of adaptive radiation

A

Finches of Galapagos Islands

14
Q

What is adaptive radation?

A

Formation of new forms from an ancestral species

14
Q

What is the basis of evolutionary theory today?

A

Genetic principles

15
Q

He wrote an essay entitled principle of population; he believed human population has the potential to increase geometrically

A

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

15
Q

What is the summary of natural selection?

A

Reproductive potential, inherited variations, existential struggle, adaptive traits

16
Q

What is adaptation?

A

When change increases successful reproduction, passed to next generations, enhances reproductive success

17
Q

Does adaptive changes occur in response to need?

A

No, if it does, there will be no extinction

17
Q

wrote to Charles Darwin in 1864 stating that the theory of evolution by natural selection
will always be credited to Darwin and Darwin only.

A

Alfred Wallace

17
Q

He believed that every evolutionary modification was a product of selection

A

Alfred Wallace

17
Q

He admitted that natural selection may not explain all evolutionary changes

A

Charles Darwin

Zoology (21 decks)

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