Evolution Flashcards
What is organic evolution?
Process by which an organism changes itself to adapt best with the environment.
What is the earliest references of evolutionary change?
From the ancient Greeks; Empedocles and Aristotle (described concepts of change over time in living organisms)
He believed in a special creation of species and considered change to be degenerate; Attributed change of the organisms to actions of the millieu
George Louis Buffon (1707-1788)
He believed in the common ancestry of all organisms; grandfather of charles darwin
Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)
He believed that need was dictated by environmental change toward perfection
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1741-1829)
He was born on 2/12/1809; interested in dogs and birds; went to Edinberg Scotland (1825) and Christ college in Cambridge (!831); made a contribution to beetle taxonomy
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)
Full name of the HMS Beagle
Her Majesty’s Ship= British Royal Navy Ship)
The year when HMS Beagle sailed for 5 years
12/27/1831
What is the meaning of naturalists on mapping?
documents and studies the natural environment including flora, fauna, and
geological features. Observe, record, and analyze the environment to provide valuable information for
mapping.
He nominated Darwin to serve as naturalist on a mapping expedition
John S. Henslow
The year when Darwin developed the essence of his conclusions
1842
How old was Charles Darwin during the voyage of the beagle
27 years old
The year when Darwin presented his idea before the Linnean Society
1858
What are the books published by Charles Darwin
Zoology of the Beagle Voyage (1843), Fertilization of Orchids (1862), The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication (1873), The descent of Man (1871)
This book contains different zoological specimens that he collected during his
journey on the HMS Beagle
Zoology of the Beagle Voyage
The book observes the intricate relationship of orchids and their pollinators. Orchids
evolved to attract insects and birds. Demonstrates his ideas on coevolution and adaptation
Fertilization of Orchids
The book says anthropological factors that influenced the
breeding of domesticated animals and cultivation of plants comparing them to those in the wild
The variation of plants and animals under domestication
The book extends his theory of evolution to the context of humanity. Similarities between
man and animals. The development of human moral and intellectual process.
The descent of Man
He developed ideas of another geologist, James Hutton, into the theory of uniformitarianism; Natural forces shape the earth today
Charles Lyell
What is the book of Charles Lyell’s?
Principles of Geology
What are the 2 vital ideas in from the principles of geology?
Earth could be older than 6,000 years, living forms change over time
This was named after the large tortoise that inhabit them
Galapagos island
This provided an example of adaptive radiation
Finches of Galapagos Islands
What is adaptive radation?
Formation of new forms from an ancestral species
What is the basis of evolutionary theory today?
Genetic principles
He wrote an essay entitled principle of population; he believed human population has the potential to increase geometrically
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
What is the summary of natural selection?
Reproductive potential, inherited variations, existential struggle, adaptive traits
What is adaptation?
When change increases successful reproduction, passed to next generations, enhances reproductive success
Does adaptive changes occur in response to need?
No, if it does, there will be no extinction
wrote to Charles Darwin in 1864 stating that the theory of evolution by natural selection
will always be credited to Darwin and Darwin only.
Alfred Wallace
He believed that every evolutionary modification was a product of selection
Alfred Wallace
He admitted that natural selection may not explain all evolutionary changes
Charles Darwin
