Genetics Flashcards
Study of heredity in general and of genes in particular.
Genetics
The first to term genetics to describe the study of heredity; the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.
William Bateson 1905
known as the father of medicine, believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics, and, to account for this, he devised the hypothesis known as pangenesis
Hippocrates (c.460-c.375 BCE)
emphasized the importance of blood in heredity
Aristotle 384-322 BCE
(JBL) invoked the idea of “the inheritance of acquired characters,” not as an explanation; law of use and disuse
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
(ARW) originally postulated the theory of evolution by natural selection
Alfred Russel Wallace
Ship of Charles Darwin
HMS Beagle (1831-36)
(GJM) carried out a large number of cross-pollination experiments between variants of the garden pea, which he obtained as pure-breeding lines.
Gregor Johann Mendel
(CB) Used fruit flies with an extra chromosome to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the only way to explain the abnormal inheritance of certain genes was if they were part of the extra chromosome
1916:Calvin Bridges
(2-HmAhs) Showed not only that certain genes seemed to be linked on the same chromosome
1910: Hunt Morgan and Alfred Henry Sturtevant
(2-HcBm) Demonstrated that new allelic combinations of linked genes were correlated with physically exchanged chromosome parts
1931: Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock
(HJM) Showed that new alleles produced at high frequencies by treating cells with X-rays, the first demonstration of an environmental mutagenic agent.
Hermann Joseph Muller
(AG) Proposed the important idea that the certain other hereditary diseases were caused by inborn errors of metabolism
1908: Archibald Garrod
model showed that DNA was capable of self replication by separating its complementary strands and using them as templates for the synthesis of new DNA molecules.
Double Helix Model
They (3-JwFcMw) Devised a double helix model for DNA structure
1953: James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins
(2-GbEt) Showed that the genes they were studying in the fungus Neurospora crassa acted by coding for catalytic proteins called enzymes.
1941: George Beadle and Edward Tatum
(2-CSb) Showed that genetic code must be read in triplets of nucleotides called codon.
1961: Crick and Sydney Brenner
(2-MmFs) Demonstrated for the first time the strand-separation method for DNA.
1958: Matthew Meselson and Franklin W. Stahl
(2-DnHos) Discovered specialized class of enzymes which was called restriction enzyme that cut DNA at specific nucleotide target sequences.
1970: Daniel Nathans & Hamilton Othaniel Smith
Made the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule by isolating DNA molecules from different sources, cutting them, and joining them together in a test tube.
Early 70’s: Paul Berg