Vertebrate Test Flashcards
What animal is the closest link to terrestrial vertebrates
Lobe finned fish
What class of fish is cartilaginous and has jaws
Cartilaginous fish
Where do lungfish live
Mud and at great depths
Name and describe the three classes of bony fish
Ray finned
Majority of fish
Have long spines that form fins
, lung,
Live in austrailia,Africa, South America,
In wet season they live in water in great depths, using gills to eliminate CO2, bring in air through primitive lung
In the dry season they burrow into the mud and become dormant
coelacanth fish 2 species alive today Have stubby fins and triple lobed tail Found off of coast of East Africa, Austrailia (Indian Ocean) Closest link to terrestrial vertebrates
Name the three main classes of fish and examples of each
Class Agnatha
Lampreys and hagfish
Class Chondrichthyes
Sharks, skates, Rays
Class Osteichthyes
Ray finned fish, lungfish, coelacanth
How many chambers heart do fish have
2
What does Chondrichthyes mean
Cartilage fish
What fish has six hearts and lacks eyes
Hagfish
What fish has circular sucking discs
Lampreys
Oste means what
Bone
What percent of vertebrates are bony fish
40%
Know the fish parts on diagram
You can do it!
Know the functions of the fish parts
Hang in there !
Are fish cold or warm blooded
Cold
What does amphibian mean
Both life
List the 3 orders of amphibians and give examples of each
Order Anura (frogs and toads) Urodela (salamanders) Apoda (caecilians)
Adult amphibians eggs lack what
Shells
Urodela means what
Visible tail
Anura means
Without a tail
How many chambers does an adult amphibian have, tadpoles
3, 2
Why must amphibians live in moist ares
Aquatic larvae
Eggs don’t have shells, they dry out
Skin has no protective covering to prevent it from drying out
Most adults bring in some O2 through their skin
Animals that can’t regulate body temperature are considered
Cold blooded
List three ways to toads and frogs apart
Frogs have longer legs than toads, frogs have slender bodies and toads have squat bodies, frogs have smooth skin and toads are covered in bumps
How long does it take tadpoles to hatch
1-3 weeks
Frogs have what kind of fertilization
External fertilization or oviparous
What group of amphibians are blind
Order Apoda or caecilians
Apoda means
Without legs
Know the parts of the frog!
You got this!
Know the function of the frog parts
You know this!
How many species of amphibians are there
Approx. 4,000
What does amphi and bios mean
Both and life
Amphibians live part of their life in what
Water
Amphibians lack
Claws and scales
Amphibians have
Moist skin with many glands
Amphibians have a what circulatory system, know what it looks like
Closed
What are the parts of the adult amphibians heart
Right atrium, left atrium, ventricle
Know what a tadpole heart looks like
Just keep going!
Amphibians kidneys filter nitrogenous waste from blood. Is sent to the. For release or stored briefly in the urinary bladder
Urine, cloaca
Amphibians have well developed what that can do what
Eyes. Can almost see complete circle around them
Amphibians have well developed but no
Hearing, external ear openings
What are the steps in frogs fertilization
- Males climb on the females back
- Females release approximately 200 eggs and the male fertilizes them
- Fertilized eggs are surrounded by a transparent jelly and attached to an under water plant
- Tadpoles hatch in 1-3 weeks
What type of fertilization do salamanders have, how do they sometimes fertilize
Internal, oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous, males lay a pocket of sperm and female inserts pocket into her cloaca
Where do order Anura live, where are frogs and toads found
All over US, both in moist areas, toads can be in dry areas
Where do urodela live, salamanders that live mainly in water are called what
Moist areas, newts
What are characteristics of Apoda
Have slender bodies and no limbs,
Resemble worms
Most adults are either blind or have tiny eyes
What are the most primitive living vertebrates today
Fish
What are characteristics of fish
Most have scales and fins
Have pharyngeal slits (gills)
How do fish feed
All types
Most fish breath through what using what
Gills, countercurrent exchange
What kind of circulatory system do fish have
2 chambered hearts, with atrium and ventricle, closed circulatory system
, containing waste is removed through , and ,
Nitrogen, gills, kidneys
Most fish are either
Male or female
What are the 3 main strategies of fish reproduction and what are they
Oviparous
Lay eggs and the eggs are extremely fertilized
Ovoviviparous
Internal fertilization , eggs develop inside the female nourished be a yolk sac
Viviparous
Internal fertilization resulting in embryos nourished by the mother , babies born alive
What are class Agnatha , describe the fish
Jawless fish
Lampreys
Parasitic as adults, attach to fish and suck out tissue and fluids, have circular sucking discs
Hagfishes Most primitive vertebrate alive today Lacks eyes Feed on dead/dying fish Secrete slime Have 6 hearts Open circulatory system Tie themselves in knots
Characteristics of class Chondrichthyes
Endoskeleton is cartliege and not bones
Have tooth like scales
Characteristics of sharks
225 living species
3000 teeth that are continuously replaced
Goes through 20000 teeth in a lifetime
Teeth point backwards
Characteristics of Rays and skates
Flattened top to bottom
Move by flapping wing like pectoral fins
