Kingdom Animalia Flashcards by Skylar summers.

Invertebrates

Animals without backbone, accounts for 95 % of animals

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What two categories of animals is kingdom animalia divided into

Invertebrates and vertebrates

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Vertebrates

Animals with backbone

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Invertebrates can be grouped based on their …

Fossils, body symmetry, patterns of embryo development, ribosomal RNA

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What’s body symmetry

Arrangement of body parts in which parts that lie on opposite sides of an axis are identical

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What are the types of symmetry

Assymetrical, bilateral, radial

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Asymmetrical , example

Do not display symmetry , sponges, coral

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Radial, ex

Parts are arranged in a circle around axis , sea anemone, starfish

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Bilateral, ex, what do they have

Two similar halves in either side of a central plane, earthworm, exhibit ceohalization, have a dorsal and ventral, have anterior and posterior

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Exhibit cephalization

Concentration of senses and nerves in the head (ganglia-simple brain)

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Dorsal and ventral

Back, front

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Anterior and posterior

Head, tail

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Germ layers

Tissue layer in embryo

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What germ layers do most animals have, except for what animal, what animals have two layers

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm , sponges, cnidarians and ctenophores

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Cnidarians and ctenophores have no…

Middle layer

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What develops from germ layers

Organs and tissues

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Acoelomates, ex

Do not have body cavity, interior of the animal is solid, flatworms

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Pseudocoelomates, ex

Have a false body cavity, roundworms and rotifers

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Coelomates, ex

Have a true body cavity lined with mesoderm, mollusks, annelids, arthopods, echinoderms, chordates

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Cleavage

Development of the mouth

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Pro means, stoma means, first opening called the…, develops into the …., and second opening develops into…, ex

First, mouth, blastopore, mouth, anus, mollusks, arthopods, annelids

Deutero means , stoma means, blastopore becomes , second opening becomes, ex

Second, mouth, anus, mouth , echinoderms, chordates (humans part of this)

Invertebrates in order from simplest to most complex

Porifera, Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Platyhelminthes, rotifera, molluska, Annelida, Nematoda, arthopoda, echinoderms , Chordata

Common Porifera name

Sponges

Characteristics of Porifera

Aquatic, 5000 species, 150 freshwater No true tissues or organs Asymetrical, Sessile as adults (don't move), free swimming larvae Asexual reproduction by budding or sexual reproduction (most are hermaphrodites producing both egg and sperm)

Examples of cnidarians

Hydra, jellies, sea anemones, corals

Example of Ctenophora

Comb jellies

What two firms can Cnidaria and ctenophores be in

Polyp ( attached to surface), medusa( free floating)

What are characteristics of Cnidaria and ctenophores

Simple nerve nets, no ganglia Radial symmetry Gut (digestive tract) with single opening

List each phylum discussed and animals in each group

Porifera-sponges Cnidaria- hydra, jellies, sea anemones, corals Ctenophora- comb jellies Platyhelminthes - flatworms (Turbellaria-planarians, Trematoda-flukes, Cestoda-tapeworms) Rotifera -rotifers Molluska- mollusks (Gastropoda- snails, land slugs, abalones, nudibranchs (sea slugs), bivalvia-mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, cephalopoda- octopi, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus)

Invertebrate

Animals without backbone, 95% of animals

Vertebrate

Animal with backbone

Radial vs bilateral symmetry

Radial- parts are organized in a circle around an axis | Bilateral- two similar halves on either side of central plane

Difference in Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate , and Coelomate

1. Doesn't have a body cavity 2. False body cavity 3. True body cavity (coelom) lined with mesoderm

Cross eyed animal group

Planarian

What class are tapeworms in

Cestoda

How do planarians get rid of excess water

They have flame cells that get rid if excess water

Difference between Protosome and Deutrostome

Protosome mouth develops before anus, Deutrostomes blastopore develops into anus before mouth

Names for light sensitive organs in flatworms

Eyespots or orcelli

Difference in polyp form of jellyfish and medusa

A polyp is attached to a surface and a medusa is free floating

Major characteristics of phylum Cnidaria

1. Can be in polyp or medusa form 2. Have simple nerve nets (no ganglia) 3. Radial symmetry 4. Gut with single opening (digestive tract)

Two groups of flatworms that are parasitic and cause human disease

Trematoda (flukes), Cestoda (tapeworms)

Anterior and posterior

1. Toward head, | 2. Toward tail

What animals have divided foot and developed head

Cephalopods (Cephalopoda )

What is the grinding organ in rotifers

Mastax

Lost the four ways invertebrates are grouped

Body symmetry, fossils, patterns of embryonic development, types of body cavities

Write common names for : Turbellaria, Trematoda , Cestoda

Planarians, flukes, tapeworms

What are the two shelled mollusks

Bivalvia (mussels, clams, oysters, scallops),

What class of mollusks has their mouth in their foot

Gastropoda (snails, land slugs, abalons, nudibranchs (sea slugs))

Know the diagrams