Electrons And Light Flashcards
What’s energy level
Indicates energy content of electron, indicated by numbers, lower energy level equals lower energy electron has
What’s sublevel
Describes the shape of the path the electron follows around a nucleus, represented by letters
What’s atomic orbital
Describes electrons position within energy level
What’s the s sublevel(how is it shaped how many orbitals)
Sphere shaped, 1 orbital
P sublevel
Dumbbell shaped (figure 8 pathway) Contains 3 orbitals (boxes where electrons are, think like that)
D sublevel
Dumbbell shaped (figure 8) Contains 5 orbitals
F sublevel
Dumbbell shaped (figure 8) Contains 7 orbitals
Aufbau principle
Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
Pauli exclusion principle
An atomic orbital may contain a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins
Hunds rule
When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins
What are the maximum electrons in the different energy levels
S- 2
P- 6
D- 10
F- 14
Know how to draw aufbau diagram
1s 2s2p 3s3p3d 4s4p3d4f 5s5p3d4f 6s6p3d4f
Ground state atom
All electrons are in lowest energy level
Excited state atom
Atom in which electrons have absorbed energy and are located at higher energy rates (ex light energy, heat, chemical reactions)
Quantum numbers
Numbers that describe locations and spin of an electron
Based on solutions off the Schrodinger Equation
What are the four quantum numbers and how do you write quantum numbers
- Principal quantum number (n) energy level, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
- Angular momentum quantum number (l) designates the sublevel, values: s-0,p-1,d-2,f-3
- Magnetic quantum number (ml) designates orbital within sublevel
S orbital-0, p- -1,0,1 d- -2,-1,0,1,2 f- -3,-2,-1,0, 1,2,3 - Spin quantum orbital (ms) spin of electron, +1/2, or -1/2
What are diamagnetic elements
All electrons have paired spins
All sub levels filled
Are not strongly affected by magnetic fields
Paramagnetic elements
Don’t have all electrons with paired spins
Don’t have all sublevel filled
Are strongly affected by magnetic fields
Electromagnetic radiation
Form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as if travels through space, referred to as light sometimes
Characteristics of waves
Wavelength
Frequency
Amplitude
Wavelength
Shortest distance between two equivalent points on continuous wave
Units:m, cm, nm
Frequency
The number of waves that pass a given point per second
Units:hertz
Amplitude
The waves height from the origin to a crest or trough
Indication of intensity
Relationship between wavelength, energy, frequency
As wavelength increases, frequency and energy decrease
Inverse relationship
Direct relationship
2 variables change at the same time in opposite direction
2 variables change at same time in same direction
Electromagnetic spectrum
Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation
Colors of visible light spectrum, longest wavelength (energy) to shortest
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
Visible light
Amount electromagnetic radiation human eye can see
Different forms of light energy with different wavelengths and frequency
The different wavelengths and frequencies are named different colors
Visible light range
Wavelength : 400nm to 700 nm
When do elements emit light energy
When electrons move from an excited state to a ground state
Higher energy=
Lower energy=
Unstable
Stable
Know light calculation formulas
Yay!
What divisions are electrons organized in
Energy level, sub level, atomic orbital (most specific)
