Biology Exam

Question 1

Accomplishments of Franklin and Wilkins

Answer 1

Determined DNA was twisted and molecules arranged at regular intervals using x rays

Question 2

Accomplishments of Chargaff

Answer 2

Determined adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine pairs with guanine (called complementary base pairing rule or Chargaffs rule)

Question 3

Four differences in DNA and RNA

Answer 3

1. DNA -thymine, RNA uracil
2. DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
3. DNA controls daily functions RNA messenger
4. DNA replicates, RNA transcribes

Question 4

Whats nondisjuction

Answer 4

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis (anaphase), resulting zygotes have too few or too many chromosomes

Question 5

Whats hemophilia

Answer 5

Impairs bloods ability to clot

Blood missing clotting factor called factor 8 or 9 or AHF (antihemophilic factor)

Question 6

Name the zones of the ocean

Answer 6

Oceanic, photic, aphotic, neuritic, intertidal

Question 7

Oceanic zone

Answer 7

Deep water part of ocean, 2 parts, pelagic and benthic zone

Question 8

Photic zone

Answer 8

Photosynthesis occurs here because it receives sunlight

Question 9

Aphotic zone

Answer 9

Sunlight can’t penetrate and photosynthesis can’t occur

Question 10

Neritic zone

Answer 10

Most productive part of ocean because if supports more organisms than any other zone, water shallow enough for photosynthesis to occur, most seafood harvested here, off coasts of all continents

Question 11

Intertidal zone

Answer 11

Most difficult for organisms to live in because they have to adapt to periodic exposure to sir during low tide and have to withstand the force of crashing wave, tide comes in and out

Question 12

Tundra

Answer 12

Permafrost (permanently frozen layer of soil under the surface, snow year round , northernmost biome

Question 13

Taiga

Answer 13

Coniferous trees (pines, furs, spruces), Canada and Northern Asia

Question 14

Deciduous forest

Answer 14

We live here, trees lose leaves in winter

Question 15

Grassland

Answer 15

Too dry to support trees, interior of continents, turned into farmland

Question 16

Tropical rainforest

Answer 16

200 to 400 cm of rain each year, large diversity of life on earth

Question 17

Desert

Answer 17

Recieved less than 25 cm of rain a year, hot or cold desert

Question 18

Anther

Answer 18

Structure where male gametophytes are produced

Question 19

Pistil

Answer 19

Female part of the flower, made of 3 parts, collectively called carpels

Question 20

Filament

Answer 20

Long, thin structure that supports the anther

Question 21

Ovary

Answer 21

Hollow structure at the base of the pistil that contains the ovules

Question 22

Style

Answer 22

Stalk rising from the ovary of a pistil

Question 23

Stigma

Answer 23

Swollen, sticky tip of pistil that contains the ovules

Question 24

Pollen grain

Answer 24

Male gametophyte, contains sperm

Question 25

Ovule

Answer 25

Female gametophyte that produces eggs

Question 26

Stamen

Answer 26

Male part of the flower, made of 2 parts

Question 27

Corolla

Answer 27

Petals collectively

Question 28

Calyx

Answer 28

All sepals collectively

Question 29

Sepals

Answer 29

Outermost whorl of leaves, usually green

Question 30

What are the three root types, examples

Answer 30

Taproots (carrots, radishes), fibrous root system (grasses), adventitious roots( roots grow from stems and leaves, above ground)

Question 31

List the invertebrate phylums

Answer 31

Porifera , cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, molluska, Annelida, Nematoda, arthopoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

Question 32

Porifera ex

Answer 32

Sponges

Question 33

Cnidaria ex

Answer 33

Hydra, jellies, sea anemones

Question 34

Ctenophora ex

Answer 34

Comb jellies

Question 35

Playhelminthes ex

Answer 35

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

Question 36

Rotifera ex

Answer 36

Rotifers

Question 37

Molluska ex

Answer 37

Snails, slugs, clams, scallops, octopi, squid

Question 38

Annelida ex

Answer 38

Earthworms, leeches

Question 39

Nematoda ex

Answer 39

Pinworms, hookworms, ascaris worms

Question 40

Arthopoda ex

Answer 40

Insects, centipedes, millipedes, horseshoe crabs

Question 41

Echinodermata ex

Answer 41

Starfish

Question 42

Chordata ex

Answer 42

Tunicates, lancelets

Question 43

What are the three classes of fish

Answer 43

Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

Question 44

Characteristics of Agnatha

Answer 44

Jawless fish, lampreys and hagfish

Question 45

Characteristics of Chondrichthyes

Answer 45

Endoskeleton made of cartilage not bone, Sharks, skates, Rays

Question 46

Characteristics of Osteichthyes

Answer 46

Bony fish, 40% of all vertebrate, all other types of fish

Question 47

Characteristics of hagfish

Answer 47

Most primitive vertebrate alive today, lacks eyes, feeds on dead /dying fish, secretes slime, has 6 hearts, open circulatory system, tie themselves in knots

Question 48

Characteristics of coelacanth

Answer 48

2 species alive today, have stubby fins and triple lobed tail, found off coast of east Africa and Austrailia (Indian ocean), closest link to terrestrial vertebrates (gave rise to them)

Question 49

What were the accomplishments of Watson and Crick

Answer 49

First accurate model of DNA