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Biology Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Accomplishments of Franklin and Wilkins

A

Determined DNA was twisted and molecules arranged at regular intervals using x rays

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2
Q

Accomplishments of Chargaff

A

Determined adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine pairs with guanine (called complementary base pairing rule or Chargaffs rule)

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3
Q

Four differences in DNA and RNA

A
  1. DNA -thymine, RNA uracil
  2. DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
  3. DNA controls daily functions RNA messenger
  4. DNA replicates, RNA transcribes
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4
Q

Whats nondisjuction

A

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis (anaphase), resulting zygotes have too few or too many chromosomes

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5
Q

Whats hemophilia

A

Impairs bloods ability to clot

Blood missing clotting factor called factor 8 or 9 or AHF (antihemophilic factor)

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6
Q

Name the zones of the ocean

A

Oceanic, photic, aphotic, neuritic, intertidal

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7
Q

Oceanic zone

A

Deep water part of ocean, 2 parts, pelagic and benthic zone

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8
Q

Photic zone

A

Photosynthesis occurs here because it receives sunlight

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9
Q

Aphotic zone

A

Sunlight can’t penetrate and photosynthesis can’t occur

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10
Q

Neritic zone

A

Most productive part of ocean because if supports more organisms than any other zone, water shallow enough for photosynthesis to occur, most seafood harvested here, off coasts of all continents

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11
Q

Intertidal zone

A

Most difficult for organisms to live in because they have to adapt to periodic exposure to sir during low tide and have to withstand the force of crashing wave, tide comes in and out

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12
Q

Tundra

A

Permafrost (permanently frozen layer of soil under the surface, snow year round , northernmost biome

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13
Q

Taiga

A

Coniferous trees (pines, furs, spruces), Canada and Northern Asia

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14
Q

Deciduous forest

A

We live here, trees lose leaves in winter

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15
Q

Grassland

A

Too dry to support trees, interior of continents, turned into farmland

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16
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

200 to 400 cm of rain each year, large diversity of life on earth

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17
Q

Desert

A

Recieved less than 25 cm of rain a year, hot or cold desert

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18
Q

Anther

A

Structure where male gametophytes are produced

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19
Q

Pistil

A

Female part of the flower, made of 3 parts, collectively called carpels

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20
Q

Filament

A

Long, thin structure that supports the anther

21
Q

Ovary

A

Hollow structure at the base of the pistil that contains the ovules

22
Q

Style

A

Stalk rising from the ovary of a pistil

23
Q

Stigma

A

Swollen, sticky tip of pistil that contains the ovules

24
Q

Pollen grain

A

Male gametophyte, contains sperm

25
Q

Ovule

A

Female gametophyte that produces eggs

26
Q

Stamen

A

Male part of the flower, made of 2 parts

27
Q

Corolla

A

Petals collectively

28
Q

Calyx

A

All sepals collectively

29
Q

Sepals

A

Outermost whorl of leaves, usually green

30
Q

What are the three root types, examples

A

Taproots (carrots, radishes), fibrous root system (grasses), adventitious roots( roots grow from stems and leaves, above ground)

31
Q

List the invertebrate phylums

A

Porifera , cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, molluska, Annelida, Nematoda, arthopoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

32
Q

Porifera ex

A

Sponges

33
Q

Cnidaria ex

A

Hydra, jellies, sea anemones

34
Q

Ctenophora ex

A

Comb jellies

35
Q

Playhelminthes ex

A

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

36
Q

Rotifera ex

A

Rotifers

37
Q

Molluska ex

A

Snails, slugs, clams, scallops, octopi, squid

38
Q

Annelida ex

A

Earthworms, leeches

39
Q

Nematoda ex

A

Pinworms, hookworms, ascaris worms

40
Q

Arthopoda ex

A

Insects, centipedes, millipedes, horseshoe crabs

41
Q

Echinodermata ex

A

Starfish

42
Q

Chordata ex

A

Tunicates, lancelets

43
Q

What are the three classes of fish

A

Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

44
Q

Characteristics of Agnatha

A

Jawless fish, lampreys and hagfish

45
Q

Characteristics of Chondrichthyes

A

Endoskeleton made of cartilage not bone, Sharks, skates, Rays

46
Q

Characteristics of Osteichthyes

A

Bony fish, 40% of all vertebrate, all other types of fish

47
Q

Characteristics of hagfish

A

Most primitive vertebrate alive today, lacks eyes, feeds on dead /dying fish, secretes slime, has 6 hearts, open circulatory system, tie themselves in knots

48
Q

Characteristics of coelacanth

A

2 species alive today, have stubby fins and triple lobed tail, found off coast of east Africa and Austrailia (Indian ocean), closest link to terrestrial vertebrates (gave rise to them)

49
Q

What were the accomplishments of Watson and Crick

A

First accurate model of DNA

Science (18 decks)

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