Animals Part 2 Flashcards
What is the common name for phylum Annelida
Annelids
What are characteristics of phylum Annelida
Derived from Latin word meaning little rings
True Coelom
Segmented bodies
Complex organ systems including specialized gut, closed circulatory system, and nephridia
Most annelids have fleshy appendages called parapodia
Terrestrial annelids breath through the skin and aquatic annelids breath through gills
Have ganglia with 2 nerve chords that run the length of the body
What are characteristics of Polychaeta
Means many bristles
Have parapodia and distinct heads
Marine
Examples: feather dusters, tube worms, fire worms
What are characteristics of Oligochaeta
Means few bristles
Live in soil and fresh water
Ex: earthworms, tubifex worms
Characteristics of hirudinea
Leeches
Some are freshwater, external parasites and some are carnivores
Use suckers to attach to skin and a proboscis to penetrate the skin and the pharynx sucks out the blood
What are Nematoda characteristics
Common name: roundworms May be free living or parasitic Breath through body walls by diffusion Have ganglia and simple nervous system Reproduce sexually Pseudocoelomates
Characteristics of hookworms
Parasitic worms that live in the intestines and feed on blood
Release eggs into feces and the larvae bore through the hosts feet to enter the body-travel to lungs where they are coughed up-swallowed and move through stomach into intestines
Characteristics of ascaris
Parasites that live in the intestines of pigs, horses, and humans
Feed on digesting food
Leave body with feces and enter hosts through contaminated water or food, larvae hatch in the intestines and bore into the blood stream -lungs- coughed up and swallowed- return to intestines to mature
Characteristics of pinworms
Most common parasite in US
Live in lower intestines and come out anus at night and lay eggs on the skin around the anus
Cause no major diseases
Characteristics of filarial worms
Affected 250 million people in the tropics
Larvae transmitted by mosquitoes
Block lymphatic vessels causing elephantiasis
Another type of filarial worm causes heartworm disease in cats and dogs
Name the remaining phylums
Annelida (Polychaeta and Oligochaeta, hirudinea), Nematoda (hookworms, ascaris, pinworms, filarial worms), Arthropoda , Echinodermata , Chordata
Name the three classes of annelids, their habitat and their organisms included in each class
Polychaeta- marine,
Feather dusters, tube worms, fire worms,
Oligochaeta - soil and freshwater
Earthworms, tubifex worms,
Hirudinea- freshwater, leeches
How many pairs of hearts do earthworms have
5
What two structures divide annelids into classes
Parapodia and setae
What phylum has the simplest organisms with a mouth and anus
Annelida
What is the difference in the oral and aboral surfaces of a starfish
Oral surface bottom side with their mouth, aboral surface top side with spines
What group of parasitic worms enter through the feet
Nematoda
What group of parasitic worms are transmitted by Mosquitos
Filarial worms
What does arthopoda mean
Jointed feet
What does echinoderms mean
Spiny skin
What does Polychaeta mean
Many bristles
What does Oligochaeta mean
Few bristles
List the names of the 5 sub phyla of arthopods and organisms in each group
Trilobita- extinct
Chelicerata- horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites. Spiders
Crustacea- shrimp, crabs, lobsters, barnacles, pill bugs
Myriapoda- centipedes, millipedes
Hexapoda- insects
What is the hard covering of arthopods called, what is it made of
Exoskeleton, chitin (polysaccharide that allows flexibility)
Trace the passage of food through each digestive organ and describe the function in an earthworm
Food enters the mouth, then goes through the pharynx, where it is transported to the esophagus, which takes it to the crop, where it is stored until it goes to the gizzard, where it is broken up and digested, then absorbed in the intestine, before being expelled through the anus
What group of echinoderms most closely resembles a starfish
Brittle stars
What group of echinoderms looks like a warty pickle
Sea cucumbers
Describe the body symmetry of an adult echinoderm and larval echinoderm
Radial symmetry as adults, bilateral as larva
What nematode causes elephantiasis
Filarial worms
What nematode is transmitted by contaminated water or food
Ascaris
What group of echinoderms lack an anus
Brittle stars
How do earthworms excrete liquid waste
Thought their nephridia
What kinds of echinoderms are eaten
Sea urchin (usually eggs ) and sea cucumbers
What are the three characteristics of a chordate
They (at some time during their life) have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve chord, and pharyngeal slits
What does the notochord become in vertebrates
Backbone
Name the two groups of invertebrate chordates and list their distinguishing characteristics
Tunicates
- Small marine chordates
- Sea squirts
- Name comes from body cavity called a tunic
- Filter feeders who eat plankton
- Adults are sessile
- Have a notochord and dorsal nerve cord only as larvae
- Breathe through gill slits
Lancelets
- Small, fish like animals,
- Have a definite head
- Long pharyngeal region with hundreds of gill slits
- Food trapped by mucus on pharynx
- Primitive heart with closed circulatory system
- Segmented nerve cord
- No jaws (mouth made by only soft tissue )
- Have no appendages (move by bending the body)
Know diagrams and functions of parts
!!!!!!:)
What are some characteristics of arthopoda
- Jointed appendages like antennae, legs, claws,
- Compound eyes to sense light
- Open circulatory systems
- Segmented bodies
- Protosome
- Undergo molting
Are echinoderms protostomes or Deutrostomes
Deutrostomes, mouth second
How many species of echinoderms are there
6,000
What are characteristics of a starfish
- Often called sea stars
- Has 5 or more arms
- Move by creeping (flexible joints)
- Predators of bivalves and coral
- Major destroyer of coral reefs (especially crown of thorns starfish)
What are some characteristics of brittle stars
- Live in tropical areas especially coral reefs
- Most abundant class with approx 2,000 species worldwide
- Have longer, more flexible arms than a starfish
- Move by creeping
- Sheds one arm for protection to distract predators
- Lacks an anus, waste disposed through mouth
What are characteristics of sand dollars/ urchins
- Lack arms
- Have rigid plates that enclose internal organs
- Move by creeping using tube feet
- Are herbivores (eat plants) which eat algae or detritus feeders
- Sea urchin eggs- delicacies in Asia
Charcterictics of sea cucumbers
- Detritus feeders- filter water on coral reefs
- Found mainly on coral reefs at great depths and in the shallows
- Can be eaten raw- popular in Asia
Sea lilies and feather star characteristics
- Sea lilies most primitive (oldest and simplest)
- Filter feeders
- 50 or more long feathery arms
- Sea lilies are sessile and are attached to the ocean bottom by a stalk
- Feather stars don’t have a stalk and are found on coral reefs
How do echinoderms fit into the world
Starfish destroy coral reefs
Sea urchins control algae distribution on coral reefs
Chemicals from sea urchins/ sea cucumbers are being studied as anti Cancer and anti viral drugs
Sea urchin embryos are being used by embryologists in medical tests
What’s a notochord and hollow dorsal chord, the front end becomes the - ;nerves leave the chord and connect to the - organs and internal organs
Notochord
Long, flexible supoorting rod that runs part of the length of the body
Hollow dorsal nerve chord
Runs along the dorsal surface above the notochord
Brain, sense
Aquatic chordates have – that connect the pharyngeal (throat) cavity to the outside
Gill slits (pharyngeal slits)
Why do terrestrial chordates only have pharyngeal slits briefly during development
We aren’t in water, so we only have them briefly as embryos
