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Science > Animals Part 2 > Flashcards

Animals Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the common name for phylum Annelida

A

Annelids

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2
Q

What are characteristics of phylum Annelida

A

Derived from Latin word meaning little rings
True Coelom
Segmented bodies
Complex organ systems including specialized gut, closed circulatory system, and nephridia
Most annelids have fleshy appendages called parapodia
Terrestrial annelids breath through the skin and aquatic annelids breath through gills
Have ganglia with 2 nerve chords that run the length of the body

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3
Q

What are characteristics of Polychaeta

A

Means many bristles
Have parapodia and distinct heads
Marine
Examples: feather dusters, tube worms, fire worms

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4
Q

What are characteristics of Oligochaeta

A

Means few bristles
Live in soil and fresh water
Ex: earthworms, tubifex worms

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5
Q

Characteristics of hirudinea

A

Leeches
Some are freshwater, external parasites and some are carnivores
Use suckers to attach to skin and a proboscis to penetrate the skin and the pharynx sucks out the blood

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6
Q

What are Nematoda characteristics

A 
Common name: roundworms
May be free living or parasitic
Breath through body walls by diffusion 
Have ganglia and simple nervous system 
Reproduce sexually 
Pseudocoelomates
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7
Q

Characteristics of hookworms

A

Parasitic worms that live in the intestines and feed on blood
Release eggs into feces and the larvae bore through the hosts feet to enter the body-travel to lungs where they are coughed up-swallowed and move through stomach into intestines

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8
Q

Characteristics of ascaris

A

Parasites that live in the intestines of pigs, horses, and humans
Feed on digesting food
Leave body with feces and enter hosts through contaminated water or food, larvae hatch in the intestines and bore into the blood stream -lungs- coughed up and swallowed- return to intestines to mature

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9
Q

Characteristics of pinworms

A

Most common parasite in US
Live in lower intestines and come out anus at night and lay eggs on the skin around the anus
Cause no major diseases

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10
Q

Characteristics of filarial worms

A

Affected 250 million people in the tropics
Larvae transmitted by mosquitoes
Block lymphatic vessels causing elephantiasis
Another type of filarial worm causes heartworm disease in cats and dogs

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11
Q

Name the remaining phylums

A

Annelida (Polychaeta and Oligochaeta, hirudinea), Nematoda (hookworms, ascaris, pinworms, filarial worms), Arthropoda , Echinodermata , Chordata

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12
Q

Name the three classes of annelids, their habitat and their organisms included in each class

A

Polychaeta- marine,
Feather dusters, tube worms, fire worms,

Oligochaeta - soil and freshwater
Earthworms, tubifex worms,

Hirudinea- freshwater, leeches

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13
Q

How many pairs of hearts do earthworms have

A

5

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14
Q

What two structures divide annelids into classes

A

Parapodia and setae

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15
Q

What phylum has the simplest organisms with a mouth and anus

A

Annelida

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16
Q

What is the difference in the oral and aboral surfaces of a starfish

A

Oral surface bottom side with their mouth, aboral surface top side with spines

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17
Q

What group of parasitic worms enter through the feet

A

Nematoda

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18
Q

What group of parasitic worms are transmitted by Mosquitos

A

Filarial worms

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19
Q

What does arthopoda mean

A

Jointed feet

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20
Q

What does echinoderms mean

A

Spiny skin

21
Q

What does Polychaeta mean

A

Many bristles

22
Q

What does Oligochaeta mean

A

Few bristles

23
Q

List the names of the 5 sub phyla of arthopods and organisms in each group

A

Trilobita- extinct
Chelicerata- horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites. Spiders
Crustacea- shrimp, crabs, lobsters, barnacles, pill bugs
Myriapoda- centipedes, millipedes
Hexapoda- insects

24
Q

What is the hard covering of arthopods called, what is it made of

A

Exoskeleton, chitin (polysaccharide that allows flexibility)

25
Q

Trace the passage of food through each digestive organ and describe the function in an earthworm

A

Food enters the mouth, then goes through the pharynx, where it is transported to the esophagus, which takes it to the crop, where it is stored until it goes to the gizzard, where it is broken up and digested, then absorbed in the intestine, before being expelled through the anus

26
Q

What group of echinoderms most closely resembles a starfish

A

Brittle stars

27
Q

What group of echinoderms looks like a warty pickle

A

Sea cucumbers

28
Q

Describe the body symmetry of an adult echinoderm and larval echinoderm

A

Radial symmetry as adults, bilateral as larva

29
Q

What nematode causes elephantiasis

A

Filarial worms

30
Q

What nematode is transmitted by contaminated water or food

A

Ascaris

31
Q

What group of echinoderms lack an anus

A

Brittle stars

32
Q

How do earthworms excrete liquid waste

A

Thought their nephridia

33
Q

What kinds of echinoderms are eaten

A

Sea urchin (usually eggs ) and sea cucumbers

34
Q

What are the three characteristics of a chordate

A

They (at some time during their life) have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve chord, and pharyngeal slits

35
Q

What does the notochord become in vertebrates

A

Backbone

36
Q

Name the two groups of invertebrate chordates and list their distinguishing characteristics

A

Tunicates

  1. Small marine chordates
  2. Sea squirts
  3. Name comes from body cavity called a tunic
  4. Filter feeders who eat plankton
  5. Adults are sessile
  6. Have a notochord and dorsal nerve cord only as larvae
  7. Breathe through gill slits

Lancelets

  1. Small, fish like animals,
  2. Have a definite head
  3. Long pharyngeal region with hundreds of gill slits
  4. Food trapped by mucus on pharynx
  5. Primitive heart with closed circulatory system
  6. Segmented nerve cord
  7. No jaws (mouth made by only soft tissue )
  8. Have no appendages (move by bending the body)
37
Q

Know diagrams and functions of parts

A

!!!!!!:)

38
Q

What are some characteristics of arthopoda

A
  1. Jointed appendages like antennae, legs, claws,
  2. Compound eyes to sense light
  3. Open circulatory systems
  4. Segmented bodies
  5. Protosome
  6. Undergo molting
39
Q

Are echinoderms protostomes or Deutrostomes

A

Deutrostomes, mouth second

40
Q

How many species of echinoderms are there

A

6,000

41
Q

What are characteristics of a starfish

A
  1. Often called sea stars
  2. Has 5 or more arms
  3. Move by creeping (flexible joints)
  4. Predators of bivalves and coral
  5. Major destroyer of coral reefs (especially crown of thorns starfish)
42
Q

What are some characteristics of brittle stars

A
  1. Live in tropical areas especially coral reefs
  2. Most abundant class with approx 2,000 species worldwide
  3. Have longer, more flexible arms than a starfish
  4. Move by creeping
  5. Sheds one arm for protection to distract predators
  6. Lacks an anus, waste disposed through mouth
43
Q

What are characteristics of sand dollars/ urchins

A
  1. Lack arms
  2. Have rigid plates that enclose internal organs
  3. Move by creeping using tube feet
  4. Are herbivores (eat plants) which eat algae or detritus feeders
  5. Sea urchin eggs- delicacies in Asia
44
Q

Charcterictics of sea cucumbers

A
  1. Detritus feeders- filter water on coral reefs
  2. Found mainly on coral reefs at great depths and in the shallows
  3. Can be eaten raw- popular in Asia
45
Q

Sea lilies and feather star characteristics

A
  1. Sea lilies most primitive (oldest and simplest)
  2. Filter feeders
  3. 50 or more long feathery arms
  4. Sea lilies are sessile and are attached to the ocean bottom by a stalk
  5. Feather stars don’t have a stalk and are found on coral reefs
46
Q

How do echinoderms fit into the world

A

Starfish destroy coral reefs
Sea urchins control algae distribution on coral reefs
Chemicals from sea urchins/ sea cucumbers are being studied as anti Cancer and anti viral drugs
Sea urchin embryos are being used by embryologists in medical tests

47
Q

What’s a notochord and hollow dorsal chord, the front end becomes the - ;nerves leave the chord and connect to the - organs and internal organs

A

Notochord
Long, flexible supoorting rod that runs part of the length of the body

Hollow dorsal nerve chord
Runs along the dorsal surface above the notochord

Brain, sense

48
Q

Aquatic chordates have – that connect the pharyngeal (throat) cavity to the outside

A

Gill slits (pharyngeal slits)

49
Q

Why do terrestrial chordates only have pharyngeal slits briefly during development

A

We aren’t in water, so we only have them briefly as embryos

Science (18 decks)

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