Chapter 10 Flashcards
List the 4 bases of RNA. Which bases bind together
Adenine binds with uracil, cytosine bonds with guanine
List the 4 bases of DNA and which bases bind together
Adenine binds with thymine, cytosine bonds with guanine
What is the sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar in RNA
Ribose
List the purines, describe their structure
Adenine and guanine, 2 rings
List the pyrimindines describe their structure
Cytosine and thymine, 1 ring
List the three differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded, DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil, DNA=replication! RNA=transcription, 1 form of DNA, 3 forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA,) DNA -found only in nucleus, RNA -found in nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome,
List the complete names of RNA and describe each RNA function, which is most abundant
Messenger RNA :carries DNA information to the ribosomes, ribosomal RNA : makes up the ribosome, transfer RNA : carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids join to make a protein, most abundant: rRNA
Where would you find DNA in the cell
In the nucleus
Where would you find mRNA in the cell
In the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome
Where would you find tRNA in the cell
The ribosome
Where are proteins made
The ribosomes
What is the process called that makes RNA from DNA
RNA synthesis, transcription
What enzymes add the bases during replication
DNA polymerases
What enzyme unwinds the double helix before replication can occur
Helicases
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does ribonucleic acid stand for
Ribonucleic acid
What part of the cell does tRNA get the amino acids from
The cytoplasm
What carries the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosomes
mRNA
How many strands does DNA have, RNA
2,1
Who developed the model for DNA
James Watson and Francis crick
Who did DNA research during X-rays what information did they learn about DNA
Rosalind Franklin , DNA is twisted, molecules are arranged at regular intervals
DNA and RNA are both _acids
Nucleic
The bases of DNA are held together by weak _bonds
Hydrogen bonds
What are the building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides
What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides of tRNA called
Anticodon
What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides of mRNA called
Codon
Where does replication occur
In the nucleus, during s phase of interphase
Where does translation occur
Ribosome
Where does transcription occur
The cells nucleus
What types do bonds hold amino acids together
Peptide bonds
What process must DNA undergo before a cell can divide
Replication , (interphase, s phase)
How many different amino acids can be made
20
What are the parts of a nucleotide
1.5 carbon sugar, 2. Phosphate group , 3. Nitrogenous base
Who received the Nobel prize for medicine in 1962
Watson, crick, and Wilkins
Who did not receive the Nobel prize because of death
Franklin
Know how to write a complementary DNA strand
Look at sheet
Know how to write
A complementary mRNA sequence from DNA sequence I wrote
Know how to write the
tRNA sequence from the mRNA sequence I wrote above
Know how to divide into codons
Yeah!!!!
Compare transcription and translation
Transcription : a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA (transferring info from DNA to RNA)
Translation: decoding mRNA message into polypeptide chain
Know how to
Replicate and transcribe DNA , to mRNA , and find protein ( #42 and 43)
