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Science > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

List the 4 bases of RNA. Which bases bind together

A

Adenine binds with uracil, cytosine bonds with guanine

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1
Q

List the 4 bases of DNA and which bases bind together

A

Adenine binds with thymine, cytosine bonds with guanine

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2
Q

What is the sugar in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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3
Q

What is the sugar in RNA

A

Ribose

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4
Q

List the purines, describe their structure

A

Adenine and guanine, 2 rings

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5
Q

List the pyrimindines describe their structure

A

Cytosine and thymine, 1 ring

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6
Q

List the three differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded, DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil, DNA=replication! RNA=transcription, 1 form of DNA, 3 forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA,) DNA -found only in nucleus, RNA -found in nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome,

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7
Q

List the complete names of RNA and describe each RNA function, which is most abundant

A

Messenger RNA :carries DNA information to the ribosomes, ribosomal RNA : makes up the ribosome, transfer RNA : carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids join to make a protein, most abundant: rRNA

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8
Q

Where would you find DNA in the cell

A

In the nucleus

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9
Q

Where would you find mRNA in the cell

A

In the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome

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10
Q

Where would you find tRNA in the cell

A

The ribosome

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11
Q

Where are proteins made

A

The ribosomes

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12
Q

What is the process called that makes RNA from DNA

A

RNA synthesis, transcription

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13
Q

What enzymes add the bases during replication

A

DNA polymerases

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14
Q

What enzyme unwinds the double helix before replication can occur

A

Helicases

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15
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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16
Q

What does ribonucleic acid stand for

A

Ribonucleic acid

17
Q

What part of the cell does tRNA get the amino acids from

A

The cytoplasm

18
Q

What carries the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

19
Q

How many strands does DNA have, RNA

A

2,1

20
Q

Who developed the model for DNA

A

James Watson and Francis crick

21
Q

Who did DNA research during X-rays what information did they learn about DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin , DNA is twisted, molecules are arranged at regular intervals

22
Q

DNA and RNA are both _acids

A

Nucleic

23
Q

The bases of DNA are held together by weak _bonds

A

Hydrogen bonds

24
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA

A

Nucleotides

25
Q

What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides of tRNA called

A

Anticodon

26
Q

What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides of mRNA called

A

Codon

27
Q

Where does replication occur

A

In the nucleus, during s phase of interphase

28
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Ribosome

29
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

The cells nucleus

30
Q

What types do bonds hold amino acids together

A

Peptide bonds

31
Q

What process must DNA undergo before a cell can divide

A

Replication , (interphase, s phase)

32
Q

How many different amino acids can be made

A

20

33
Q

What are the parts of a nucleotide

A

1.5 carbon sugar, 2. Phosphate group , 3. Nitrogenous base

34
Q

Who received the Nobel prize for medicine in 1962

A

Watson, crick, and Wilkins

35
Q

Who did not receive the Nobel prize because of death

A

Franklin

36
Q

Know how to write a complementary DNA strand

A

Look at sheet

37
Q

Know how to write

A

A complementary mRNA sequence from DNA sequence I wrote

38
Q

Know how to write the

A

tRNA sequence from the mRNA sequence I wrote above

39
Q

Know how to divide into codons

A

Yeah!!!!

40
Q

Compare transcription and translation

A

Transcription : a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA (transferring info from DNA to RNA)

Translation: decoding mRNA message into polypeptide chain

41
Q

Know how to

A

Replicate and transcribe DNA , to mRNA , and find protein ( #42 and 43)

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