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Science > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Name the 4 blood types

A

A, b, ab, o

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1
Q

What determines blood types

A

The presence or absence of antigens

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2
Q

What are the blood genotypes for the following individuals, homozygous dominat for blood type b, heterozygous blood type a, blood type ab, blood type o

A

IBIB
Iai
IaIb
ii

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3
Q

What is the universal donor

A

O-

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4
Q

What is the universal recipient

A

AB+

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5
Q

Who discovered blood types, what year

A

Karl Landsteiner, 1900

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6
Q 
Is the Rh factor 
Sex linked
Dominant
Codominant
Recessive
A

Dominant

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7
Q

If one of your parents has Huntingtons disease, what are the chances you would get it

A

50%

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8
Q

What chromosomes holds the genes for Huntingtom’s disease

A

4

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Huntington’s disease

A

Mild forgetfulness, loss of muscle control, spasms, mental illness, death

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10
Q

Is the gene for Huntington’s
Dominant
Recessive
Codominant

A

Dominant

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11
Q

What chromosome holds the gene for Marfans Syndrome

A

15

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Marfans syndrome

A

Long limbs, loose joints, deformed vertebrate, rupture of large arteries, sudden death

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13
Q

What famous syndrome has Marfans syndrome

A

Michael Phelps

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14
Q

What disease results in the body not being able to break down a particular amino acid? It leads to brain damage if not treated.

A

PKU

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15
Q

Who discovered sickle cell anemia, when?

A

Dr. James Herrick, 1904

16
Q

What do the red blood cells look like if a person has sickle cell anemia? What is the genotype for a person with it, what is the genotype of a carrier?

A

Blood cells are sickle shaped (impair blood flow, clog and get stuck in capillaries),
HsHs
HAHS

17
Q

What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Shortened life expectancy, mucus clogs the lungs and pancreas leading to infections

18
Q

What is an x linked trait

A

Alleles for a trait are found on X chromosome

19
Q

List some x linked traits

A

Colorblindness, hemophilia

20
Q

What % of males have colorblindness

A

8%

21
Q

What is the most common type of colorblindness

A

Red/green

22
Q

What is the symbol used for normal vision? What is the symbol for colorblindness?

A

XC

Xc

23
Q

Why are more males affected with x linked traits then females

A

They only have 1 X chromosome, if it is affected they have the trait, females have 2 (they can have 1 chromosome with the trait and not have it , but be carriers)

24
Q

What is the main symptom if hemophilia

A

Impairs the bloods ability to clot, missing the clotting factor 8 or AHF (antihemophilic factor)

25
Q

Why is hemophilia called the royal disease

A

Queen Victoria had it and passed it to royal generations

26
Q

List 3 examples of polygenic traits

A

Skin color, eye color, hair color, height

27
Q

Know what they symbols on a pedigree mean

A

Look at chart

28
Q

What pigment determines a persons skin color

A

Melanin

29
Q

What is a karyotype

A

A map of a person’s chromosomes at the metaphase step arranged in a sequence

30
Q

In females, meiosis produces eggs with what chromosome ?

A

X

31
Q

In males, meiosis produces sperm with

A

Y

XY

32
Q

Complete the blood and x linked crosses below
Cross a man with blood type AB with a woman who is heterozygous for blood type B
Cross a man who is colorblind with a woman who is a carrier for colorblindness

A

Know how, and refer to chart

33
Q

What is another name for Down’s Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

34
Q

What is the chromosome number for a person with Down’s syndrome

A

47

35
Q

Would a woman who is Bb be bald?

A

No, it’s an X linked trait

36
Q

Whats the difference between chronic villi sampling and amniocentesis

A

Chronic villi sampling- embryonic cells are removed directly from the membrane surrounding the embryo
Amniocentesis - fluid is connected with a needle from a sac surrounding the embryo. Can’t be done until 15th-16th week of pregnancy

37
Q

What is mutation, what are the types

A

A change in the DNA of an organism,

Inversion, deletion, translocation, no disjunction

38
Q

Correctly define the types of mutations describe
Piece of chromosome is lost
Piece breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome
Piece breaks off and is reattached to the same chromosome
Chromosomes do not separate correctly in meiosis

A

Deletion
Translocation
Inversion
Nondisjunction

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