Chapter 12 Flashcards
Name the 4 blood types
A, b, ab, o
What determines blood types
The presence or absence of antigens
What are the blood genotypes for the following individuals, homozygous dominat for blood type b, heterozygous blood type a, blood type ab, blood type o
IBIB
Iai
IaIb
ii
What is the universal donor
O-
What is the universal recipient
AB+
Who discovered blood types, what year
Karl Landsteiner, 1900
Is the Rh factor Sex linked Dominant Codominant Recessive
Dominant
If one of your parents has Huntingtons disease, what are the chances you would get it
50%
What chromosomes holds the genes for Huntingtom’s disease
4
What are the symptoms of Huntington’s disease
Mild forgetfulness, loss of muscle control, spasms, mental illness, death
Is the gene for Huntington’s
Dominant
Recessive
Codominant
Dominant
What chromosome holds the gene for Marfans Syndrome
15
What are the symptoms of Marfans syndrome
Long limbs, loose joints, deformed vertebrate, rupture of large arteries, sudden death
What famous syndrome has Marfans syndrome
Michael Phelps
What disease results in the body not being able to break down a particular amino acid? It leads to brain damage if not treated.
PKU
Who discovered sickle cell anemia, when?
Dr. James Herrick, 1904
What do the red blood cells look like if a person has sickle cell anemia? What is the genotype for a person with it, what is the genotype of a carrier?
Blood cells are sickle shaped (impair blood flow, clog and get stuck in capillaries),
HsHs
HAHS
What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Shortened life expectancy, mucus clogs the lungs and pancreas leading to infections
What is an x linked trait
Alleles for a trait are found on X chromosome
List some x linked traits
Colorblindness, hemophilia
What % of males have colorblindness
8%
What is the most common type of colorblindness
Red/green
What is the symbol used for normal vision? What is the symbol for colorblindness?
XC
Xc
Why are more males affected with x linked traits then females
They only have 1 X chromosome, if it is affected they have the trait, females have 2 (they can have 1 chromosome with the trait and not have it , but be carriers)
What is the main symptom if hemophilia
Impairs the bloods ability to clot, missing the clotting factor 8 or AHF (antihemophilic factor)
Why is hemophilia called the royal disease
Queen Victoria had it and passed it to royal generations
List 3 examples of polygenic traits
Skin color, eye color, hair color, height
Know what they symbols on a pedigree mean
Look at chart
What pigment determines a persons skin color
Melanin
What is a karyotype
A map of a person’s chromosomes at the metaphase step arranged in a sequence
In females, meiosis produces eggs with what chromosome ?
X
In males, meiosis produces sperm with
Y
XY
Complete the blood and x linked crosses below
Cross a man with blood type AB with a woman who is heterozygous for blood type B
Cross a man who is colorblind with a woman who is a carrier for colorblindness
Know how, and refer to chart
What is another name for Down’s Syndrome
Trisomy 21
What is the chromosome number for a person with Down’s syndrome
47
Would a woman who is Bb be bald?
No, it’s an X linked trait
Whats the difference between chronic villi sampling and amniocentesis
Chronic villi sampling- embryonic cells are removed directly from the membrane surrounding the embryo
Amniocentesis - fluid is connected with a needle from a sac surrounding the embryo. Can’t be done until 15th-16th week of pregnancy
What is mutation, what are the types
A change in the DNA of an organism,
Inversion, deletion, translocation, no disjunction
Correctly define the types of mutations describe
Piece of chromosome is lost
Piece breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome
Piece breaks off and is reattached to the same chromosome
Chromosomes do not separate correctly in meiosis
Deletion
Translocation
Inversion
Nondisjunction
