Chapter 9 Flashcards
Whats a mono hybrid
A cross involving 1 trait
Whats a dihybrid
A cross involving 2 characteristics
Whats homozygous
Describes an organism with identical alleles for a trait
Whats a haploid
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
Heredity
Biological inheritance
Whats genetics
The branch of biology that studies heredity
Whats heterozygous
Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait
Phenotype
Physical appearance of an organism
Genotype
Genetic makeup of organisms, represented by TT or Tt or tt
Cross-pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from one plant to the pistil of a second plant
Self-pollination
The transfer of the male pollen grain (produced on the anther) to the female organ of the plant (pistil)
Incomplete dominance
One allele does not completely mask the other allele resulting in an intermediate phenotype
Codominance
Both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous phenotype
Complete dominance
The dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele when heterozygous
Homozygous allele example
TT
Heterozygous allele ex
Tt
Phenotype ex
8 spotted
8 not spotted
75% brown
25% blue
Genotype ex
8 TT
8 Tt
Dominant ex
T is dominant, Tt
Recessive ex
t is recessive, tt
Want goes on the outside of a punnet square
The parent genotypes
What goes inside the punnet square
The possible offspring genotypes
How do you represent dominant traits, recessive?
Capital letters, lower case letters
Name Mendels three laws and describe
- Law of dominance - some forms of a gene are expressed if present (meaning they are dominant) other forms of a gene are expressed only if there is no dominant allele present (meaning they are recessive)
- Law of segregation- the pair of alleles for each trait are separated during the formation of reproductive cells in meiosis
- Law of independent assortment- genes for different traits may sort independently of each other
Who was Gregor Mendel
Austrian monk, worked with garden peas, lived in the mid 1800s, established the Fundamental Laws of Modern Genetics, called the Father of Modern Genetics
What are purebred plants, how do you make them
Plants that self pollinate, who receive all their traits from a single parent, they produce offspring identical to themselves
Mendel found that each parent contributes a gene for each trait to its offspring, what do we call the gene pairs
Alleles
What are hybrids, how are they produced
Organisms produced by crossing parents with differing characteristics (crossed purebreds make them)
Know how to do
Mono hybrid punnet squares
Know how to do
Dihybrid punnet squares
Know the
Parts of a flower
