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Regional Anatomy 1 > Vertebral column: muscles of the back > Flashcards

Vertebral column: muscles of the back Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the extrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial and intermediate extrinsic muscles

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2
Q

what is the function of the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

A

connect to appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

what is the function of the intermediate extrinsic muscles of the back

A

secondary/superficial respiratory muscles

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4
Q

what are the 5 superficial extrinsic muscles

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae

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5
Q

what nerve innervates trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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6
Q

describe the attachments of trapezius

A

very broad - starts at base of skull on medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, continues down in cervical region along nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T12. Fibres then converge as they travel laterally to attach to lateral clavicle, acromium of scapula and longer attachment along length of spine of scapula

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7
Q

what are the attachments of trapezius

A

medial 1/3 nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
–> lateral clavicle, acromium and spine of scapula

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8
Q

what is the function of trapezius when it acts as a whole

A

rotate scapula so that the glenoid cavity will point more superiorly allowing a greater degree of abduction of upper limb

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9
Q

what is another function of the trapezius

A

retract scapula (particularly the central fibres) pulling it closer to midline

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) from brachial plexus

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11
Q

describe the attachments of latissimus dorsi

A

very broad - spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower 3/4 ribs
fibres then converge as they head to distal attachment - pass onto anterolateral aspect of humerus by passing medial to humerus then wrapping around in order to reach insertion point on bicipital groove of humerus

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12
Q

what are the attachments of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous processes T7-T12
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
lower 3/4 ribs
edge of bicipital groove of humerus

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13
Q

what is the function of latissimus dorsi

A

powerful extensor of shoulder joint - important when e.g. climbing and pulling body weight upwards

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14
Q

what are the attachments of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-5
–> medial border scapula
(angle inferiorly from vertebrae to scapula)

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15
Q

what are the attachments of rhomboid minor

A

nuchal ligament
spinous processes C7,T1
–> medial end of spine of scapula

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16
Q

what is the innervation of the rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

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17
Q

what are the attachments of levator scapulae

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4
–> medial border of scapula above spine

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18
Q

what is the innervation of the levator scapulae

A

cervical spinal nerves C3,4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

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19
Q

what is the function of levator scapulae

A

raise scapula

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20
Q

what is the function of the rhomboids

A

retract scapula pulling them closer to midline

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21
Q

what is the nuchal ligament

A

very broad ligament connecting the base of the skull and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae

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22
Q

what are the 2 intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

serratus posterior superior and inferior

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23
Q

what are the attachments of serratus posterior superior

A

nuchal ligament
spinous processes C7-T3
superior borders ribs 2-4

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24
Q

what is the nerve supply of serratus posterior superior

A

intercostal nerves 2-5

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25
Q

what is the function of serratus posterior superior

A

assists in raising the upper ribs

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26
Q

what are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior

A

spinous processes T11-L2
inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near angle of ribs

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27
Q

what is the nerve supply of serratus posterior inferior

A

anterior rami T9-T12

28
Q

what is the function of serratus posterior inferior

A

assists in lowering lower ribs

29
Q

are the serratus posterior muscles substantial

A

no - in many individuals are membranous and very thin

30
Q

what is the function of the deep muscles of the back

A

maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column

31
Q

what are the divisions of the intrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial
intermediate
deep

32
Q

what is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the back

A

posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves

33
Q

what muscles make up the superficial intrinsic muscles

A

splenius muscles

34
Q

what muscles make up the intermediate intrinsic muscles

A

erector spinae muscles

35
Q

what muscles make up the deep intrinsic muscles

A

many small muscles

36
Q

the superficial intrinsic muscles are found only in the

A

cervical region

37
Q

the intermediate intrinsic muscles are found where

A

whole length of back

38
Q

true/false
deep intrinsic muscles of the back individually produce large movements

A

false - each individual muscle will not produce large movement but together they produce more dramatic movement

39
Q

what muscles make up the superficial intrinsic muscles

A

splenius muscles - splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

40
Q

what are the attachments of splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7 - T3/4
to mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

41
Q

what are the attachments of splenius cervicis

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3/4 to tubercles of transverse processes C1 to C3/4

42
Q

what is the common attachment of the splenius muscles

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 - T3/4

43
Q

what muscles make up the intermediate intrinsic back muscles

A

erector spinae muscles:
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis

44
Q

how are the erector spinae muscles arranged

A

in 3 columns from lateral to medial: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

45
Q

what is the common proximal attachment of the erector spinae muscles

A
  • posterior iliac crest
  • posterior sacrum and sacroiliac ligaments
  • spinous processes of sacral and lower lumbar vertebrae
  • supraspinous ligament
46
Q

what are the 3 parts of iliocostalis

A

lumborum
thoracis
cervicis

47
Q

what are the attachments of iliocostalis

A

fibres travel up from common proximal attachment to angle of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

48
Q

what are the 3 parts of longissimus

A

thoracis
cervicis
capitis

49
Q

what are the attachments of longissimus

A

common proximal attachment to
- ribs between tubercles and angles
- thoracic and cervical transverse processes
- mastoid process

50
Q

what are the 3 parts of spinalis

A

thoracis
cervicis
capitis

51
Q

what are the attachments of spinalis

A

common proximal attachment to upper thoracic spinous processes and cranium

52
Q

describe spinalis

A

often poorly developed, quite small and right in beside spine

53
Q

what muscles make up the deep intrinsic muscles of the back

A

semispinalis
multifidis
rotatores
levator costarum
interspinale
intertransversari

54
Q

what parts does semispinalis have

A

thoracis
cervicis
capitis parts

55
Q

what are the attachments of semispinalis

A

transverse processes C4-T12 to occipital bone and thoracic and cervical spinous processes

56
Q

where is multifidis thickest

A

lumbar region

57
Q

what are the attachments of multifidis

A

fibres pass superomedially to spinous processes 2-4 vertebrae above

58
Q

where is rotatores best developed

A

thoracic region

59
Q

what are the attachments of rotatores

A

fibres pass superomedially to junction of lamina and transverse process 1 or 2 vertebrae above

60
Q

what is the function of levator costarum

A

assist in raising ribs

61
Q

where is levator costarum found

A

thoracic region

62
Q

where do fibres of levator costarum run

A

from transverse process of vertebra down to upper border of rib

63
Q

where is interspinale most developed

A

cervical and lumbar regions

64
Q

where is interspinale found

A

between adjacent spinous processes

65
Q

where is intertransversari located

A

between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

66
Q

where is intertransversari best developed

A

cervical and lumbar regions

Regional Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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