Pleura and lungs Flashcards
what are the 3 divisions of the thorax
right hemithorax
left hemithorax
mediastinum
what is the parietal pleura
lines the pulmonary cavity
what are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura
cervical
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
what is the visceral pleura
covers the surface of the lungs
are the visceral and parietal pleura continuous
yes, continuous at the lung root/hilum
what is the pulmonary ligament
sleeve of pleura handing down below lung root
what is the function of the pulmonary ligament
allows expansion of vessels of the lung hilum e.g. during exercise
how does the pulmonary ligament allow expansion of vessels of the lung hilum
if it wasnt there expanding vessels would cause tension in the pleura covering them and potentially tear pleura
what is the endothoracic fascia
layer of connective tissue that attaches costal parietal pleura to thoracic wall
the endothoracic fascia is continuous with what
fibrous suprapleural membrane
where does the suprapleural membrane attach
1st rib and transverse process of C7
what is the function of the suprapleural membrane
prevents expansion of lungs up into neck
the surface markings of the lungs are described when
at mid-inspiration
where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the mid-clavicular line
rib 6
where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the mid-axillary line
rib 8
where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the scapular line
rib 10
what are the surface markings of the lungs/visceral pleura
MCL: rib 6
MAL: rib 8
SL: rib 10
do the parietal pleura change position with inspiration
no
do the lungs/visceral pleura change position with inspiration
yes
the parietal pleura is usually _ ribs below the level of the lungs
2
where does the parietal pleura end in the mid-clavicular line
rib 8
where does the parietal pleura end in the mid-axillary line
rib 10
where does the parietal pleura end in the scapular line
rib 12
what are the surface markings of the parietal pleura
MCL: rib 8
MAL: rib 10
SL: rib 12
name 2 recesses formed by extensions of the parietal pleura
1) costo-diaphragmatic recesses: parietal pleura extends over dome of diaphragm
2) costo-mediastinal recesses: found posterior to the sternum
the costo-mediastinal recesses are larger on the left - why?
large cardiac impression
describe the shape of the lungs
pyramidal with a rounded apex
name the 3 surfaces of the lung
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
the lateral surface of the lung is the
costal - surface adjacent to the thoracic wall
the inferior surface of the lung is the
diaphragmatic
the medial surface of the lung is the
mediastinal
what separates the surfaces of the lungs
anterior, posterior and inferior borders
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
how many lobes does the left lung have
2 (some degree of variation)
name the fissure of the left lung
oblique
name the fissures of the right lung
oblique fissure and horizontal (transverse) fissure
in the right lung, the oblique fissure separates what
superior and inferior lobe
in the right lung, the horizontal fissure separates what
superior and middle lobe
the cardiac impression on the right lung is made by what
right atrium
is the cardiac impression larger on the right or left lung
left
where are the pulmonary veins found in the hilum of the lung
anteriorly and inferiorly
(always at least 2)
where are the pulmonary arteries found in the hilum of the lung
superiorly
(Arteries are Away up high)
where is the bronchus found in the hilum of the lung
posteriorly
(Bronchus at the Back)
how is the bronchus identifiable to touch
can feel cartilage within the wall
what is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the left lung
lingula
the cardiac impression of the left lung is caused by what
left ventricle
does the number of lobes guarantee correct identification
no - some variation - reason orientation at hilum is important
relations of the right lung are quite venous/arterial
relations of the left lung are quire venous/arterial
right lung - venous relations
left lung - arterial relations
what venous structures make impressions on the right lung
SVC
arch of azygous vein
azygous vein
what arterial structures make impressions on the left lung
arch of aorta
left subclavian artery
descending aorta
the vagus nerve always travels ____ to lung hilum
posterior
the phrenic nerve always travels ____ to lung hilum
anterior
describe the path of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
comes off vagus nerve, wraps under the arch of the aorta and heads back up to the neck to supply structures within larynx
where does the trachea bifurcate
sternal angle
the trachea bifurcates into
right and left main bronchus
the right main bronchus gives off…
3 lobar bronchi (superior middle and inferior)
the left main bronchus gives off …
2 lobar bronchi (superior and inferior)
lobar bronchi subdivide into…
segmental bronchi
in the left lung, there are _ segments assoc. with the superior lobe and _ with the inferior lobe
5 with superior
5 with inferior
in the right lung, there are _ segments assoc. with the superior lobe, _ with middle and _ with lower
3 with superior
2 with middle
5 with lower
what will each segment of a lung have
a segmental bronchus that will provide air
a single branch of pulmonary vein and artery
each segmental bronchus divides into
many bronchioles
as you move down the airway how do the bronchioles change
conducting –> terminal –> respiratory
where does gaseous exchange occur in the lung
alveolar sac
describe the blood supply of the alveolar sac
profuse capillary network
how are alveolar sacs connected to bronchi
respiratory bronchioles attach via alveolar duct
what is the name of the lymph nodes assoc. with branches of airway within the lung
pulmonary nodes
after pulmonary nodes, what nodes are there as you move towards the hilum
bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes
what nodes surround the point of bifurcation
tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes
- superior and inferior
what are the nodes called along the trachea
paratracheal nodes
