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Regional Anatomy 1 > Pleura and lungs > Flashcards

Pleura and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the thorax

A

right hemithorax
left hemithorax
mediastinum

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2
Q

what is the parietal pleura

A

lines the pulmonary cavity

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3
Q

what are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura

A

cervical
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal

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4
Q

what is the visceral pleura

A

covers the surface of the lungs

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5
Q

are the visceral and parietal pleura continuous

A

yes, continuous at the lung root/hilum

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6
Q

what is the pulmonary ligament

A

sleeve of pleura handing down below lung root

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7
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary ligament

A

allows expansion of vessels of the lung hilum e.g. during exercise

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8
Q

how does the pulmonary ligament allow expansion of vessels of the lung hilum

A

if it wasnt there expanding vessels would cause tension in the pleura covering them and potentially tear pleura

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9
Q

what is the endothoracic fascia

A

layer of connective tissue that attaches costal parietal pleura to thoracic wall

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10
Q

the endothoracic fascia is continuous with what

A

fibrous suprapleural membrane

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11
Q

where does the suprapleural membrane attach

A

1st rib and transverse process of C7

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12
Q

what is the function of the suprapleural membrane

A

prevents expansion of lungs up into neck

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13
Q

the surface markings of the lungs are described when

A

at mid-inspiration

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14
Q

where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the mid-clavicular line

A

rib 6

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15
Q

where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the mid-axillary line

A

rib 8

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16
Q

where do the lungs/visceral pleura end in the scapular line

A

rib 10

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17
Q

what are the surface markings of the lungs/visceral pleura

A

MCL: rib 6
MAL: rib 8
SL: rib 10

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18
Q

do the parietal pleura change position with inspiration

A

no

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19
Q

do the lungs/visceral pleura change position with inspiration

A

yes

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20
Q

the parietal pleura is usually _ ribs below the level of the lungs

A

2

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21
Q

where does the parietal pleura end in the mid-clavicular line

A

rib 8

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22
Q

where does the parietal pleura end in the mid-axillary line

A

rib 10

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23
Q

where does the parietal pleura end in the scapular line

A

rib 12

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24
Q

what are the surface markings of the parietal pleura

A

MCL: rib 8
MAL: rib 10
SL: rib 12

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25
Q

name 2 recesses formed by extensions of the parietal pleura

A

1) costo-diaphragmatic recesses: parietal pleura extends over dome of diaphragm
2) costo-mediastinal recesses: found posterior to the sternum

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26
Q

the costo-mediastinal recesses are larger on the left - why?

A

large cardiac impression

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27
Q

describe the shape of the lungs

A

pyramidal with a rounded apex

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28
Q

name the 3 surfaces of the lung

A

costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal

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29
Q

the lateral surface of the lung is the

A

costal - surface adjacent to the thoracic wall

30
Q

the inferior surface of the lung is the

A

diaphragmatic

31
Q

the medial surface of the lung is the

A

mediastinal

32
Q

what separates the surfaces of the lungs

A

anterior, posterior and inferior borders

33
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

34
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2 (some degree of variation)

35
Q

name the fissure of the left lung

A

oblique

36
Q

name the fissures of the right lung

A

oblique fissure and horizontal (transverse) fissure

37
Q

in the right lung, the oblique fissure separates what

A

superior and inferior lobe

38
Q

in the right lung, the horizontal fissure separates what

A

superior and middle lobe

39
Q

the cardiac impression on the right lung is made by what

A

right atrium

40
Q

is the cardiac impression larger on the right or left lung

A

left

41
Q

where are the pulmonary veins found in the hilum of the lung

A

anteriorly and inferiorly
(always at least 2)

42
Q

where are the pulmonary arteries found in the hilum of the lung

A

superiorly
(Arteries are Away up high)

43
Q

where is the bronchus found in the hilum of the lung

A

posteriorly
(Bronchus at the Back)

44
Q

how is the bronchus identifiable to touch

A

can feel cartilage within the wall

45
Q

what is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the left lung

A

lingula

46
Q

the cardiac impression of the left lung is caused by what

A

left ventricle

47
Q

does the number of lobes guarantee correct identification

A

no - some variation - reason orientation at hilum is important

48
Q

relations of the right lung are quite venous/arterial
relations of the left lung are quire venous/arterial

A

right lung - venous relations

left lung - arterial relations

49
Q

what venous structures make impressions on the right lung

A

SVC
arch of azygous vein
azygous vein

50
Q

what arterial structures make impressions on the left lung

A

arch of aorta
left subclavian artery
descending aorta

51
Q

the vagus nerve always travels ____ to lung hilum

A

posterior

52
Q

the phrenic nerve always travels ____ to lung hilum

A

anterior

53
Q

describe the path of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

comes off vagus nerve, wraps under the arch of the aorta and heads back up to the neck to supply structures within larynx

54
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate

A

sternal angle

55
Q

the trachea bifurcates into

A

right and left main bronchus

56
Q

the right main bronchus gives off…

A

3 lobar bronchi (superior middle and inferior)

57
Q

the left main bronchus gives off …

A

2 lobar bronchi (superior and inferior)

58
Q

lobar bronchi subdivide into…

A

segmental bronchi

59
Q

in the left lung, there are _ segments assoc. with the superior lobe and _ with the inferior lobe

A

5 with superior
5 with inferior

60
Q

in the right lung, there are _ segments assoc. with the superior lobe, _ with middle and _ with lower

A

3 with superior
2 with middle
5 with lower

61
Q

what will each segment of a lung have

A

a segmental bronchus that will provide air
a single branch of pulmonary vein and artery

62
Q

each segmental bronchus divides into

A

many bronchioles

63
Q

as you move down the airway how do the bronchioles change

A

conducting –> terminal –> respiratory

64
Q

where does gaseous exchange occur in the lung

A

alveolar sac

65
Q

describe the blood supply of the alveolar sac

A

profuse capillary network

66
Q

how are alveolar sacs connected to bronchi

A

respiratory bronchioles attach via alveolar duct

67
Q

what is the name of the lymph nodes assoc. with branches of airway within the lung

A

pulmonary nodes

68
Q

after pulmonary nodes, what nodes are there as you move towards the hilum

A

bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes

69
Q

what nodes surround the point of bifurcation

A

tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes
- superior and inferior

70
Q

what are the nodes called along the trachea

A

paratracheal nodes

Regional Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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