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Regional Anatomy 1 > Brachial plexus > Flashcards

Brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

the brachial plexus contains nerve roots from where

A

anterior (ventral) rami of C5-T1

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2
Q

axillary nerve is what roots

A

C5 C6

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3
Q

what would the implication of damaged C5 be in terms of the axillary nerve and deltoid

A

C6 fibres would still allow some innervation of deltoid - abduction of arm would be weaker but still possible

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4
Q

the brachial plexus is found where

A

in the axilla

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5
Q

the brachial plexus originates where

A

nerves originate from C5-T1 nerve roots in the neck and upper thorax (for T1)

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6
Q

where do the brachial plexus nerve roots lie

A

posterior triangle of neck

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7
Q

the brachial plexus nerve roots pass between what muscles

A

anterior and middle scalene

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8
Q

what innervation do the nerve roots of the brachial plexus receive

A

grey rami communicantes so carry post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres

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9
Q

what forms the superior trunk

A

C5 and C6

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10
Q

what forms the middle trunk

A

C7

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11
Q

what forms the inferior trunk

A

C8 and T1

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12
Q

the trunks of the brachial plexus pass where

A

over rib 1 and enter axilla

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13
Q

what makes up the phrenic nerve

A

C3 and C4 fibres from above the brachial plexus but also includes C5 fibres from C5 root

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14
Q

what other nerve gets its C5 component directly from this root

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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15
Q

what is the long thoracic nerve derived from

A

directly from C5 6 7 roots

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16
Q

what trunks give rise to nerves

A

middle and inferior do not, superior does

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17
Q

what nerves does the superior trunk form

A

suprascapular nerve
nerve to subclavius

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18
Q

the phrenic nerve innervates what

A

diaphragm

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19
Q

the dorsal scapular nerve innervates what

A

rhomboid major and minor

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20
Q

long thoracic nerve innervates what

A

serratus anterior

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21
Q

suprascapular nerve supplies

A

infraspinatus and supraspinatus

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22
Q

suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius roots

A

C5 6

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23
Q

nerve to subclavius innervates what

A

subclavius muscle

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24
Q

each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior ____ as they enter the axilla

A

division

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25
Q

all of the posterior divisions form the

A

posterior cord

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26
Q

the anterior division from the superior and middle trunks forms what

A

lateral cord

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27
Q

anterior division from inferior trunk forms

A

medial cord

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28
Q

what forms the posterior cord

A

all the posterior divisions of the trunks

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29
Q

what forms the lateral cord

A

anterior division of superior and middle trunk

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30
Q

what forms the medial cord

A

anterior division of inferior trunk

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31
Q

are there any peripheral nerves direct from the divisions

A

no

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32
Q

the 3 posterior divisions are the ultimate pathway for what

A

nerves assoc. with the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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33
Q

the 3 anterior divisions are the ultimate pathway for what

A

nerves assoc. with anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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34
Q

what nerves will the anterior divisions form

A

musculocutaneous median and ulnar nerves

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35
Q

what nerves will the posterior divisions form

A

radial nerve and axillary nerve

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36
Q

what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

A

radial nerve

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37
Q

the cords are named dependent on what

A

relation to the axillary artery

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38
Q

which cord lies closer to the humerus

A

lateral cord

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39
Q

what cord lies closer to the body wall

A

medial cord

40
Q

what cord lies behind the axillary artery

A

posterior cord

41
Q

the lateral cord has what fibres

42
Q

the lateral cord originates from what

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

43
Q

lateral cord is origin of what nerve

A

lateral pectoral nerve

44
Q

the posterior cord originates from what

A

posterior divisions from all trunks

45
Q

the posterior cord has what fibres

46
Q

the posterior cord is the origin of what nerves

A

subscapular and thoracodorsal

47
Q

the medial cord is formed from what

A

continuation of anterior division of inferior trunk

48
Q

medial cord has what fibres

49
Q

how does the medial cord get C7 fibres

A

often communication with middle trunk or its divisions which allows some C7 fibres in its terminal branches - some texts will say ulnar nerve has (C7) C8 T1 fibres meaning minor contribution from C7 root

50
Q

is it common to see non-standard patterns of the nerves of the brachial plexus

A

yes especially for lateral cord and median nerve

51
Q

anterior compartments of arm and forearm supplied by what cords

A

medial and lateral cords

52
Q

posterior compartments of arm and forearm supplied by what cords

A

posterior cord

53
Q

the medial cord is the origin of what nerves

A

medial pectoral and cutaneous nerves

54
Q

all of the cords of the brachial plexus form branches and terminal branches where

A

branches in the axilla and terminal branches as they exit the axilla

55
Q

what does the lateral cord form

A

lateral pectoral nerve before it forms the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral part of the median nerve

56
Q

the lateral pectoral nerve supplies what

57
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve supplies what

A

anterior compartment of arm

58
Q

the median nerve supplies what

A

main nerve of anterior compartment of forearm

59
Q

the posterior cord forms what

A

subscapular nerves and thoracodorsal nerve before forming terminal branches of axillary nerve and radial nerve

60
Q

subscapular nerves supply what

A

subscapularis and teres major

61
Q

thoracodorsal nerve supplies what

A

latissimus dorsi

62
Q

axillary nerve supplies what

A

deltoid and teres minor

63
Q

radial nerve supplies what

A

posterior compartment of arm and forearm

64
Q

the medial cord forms what

A

medial pectoral nerve and 2 cutaneous nerves to the arm and forearm before ending in the ulnar nerve and medial root of the median nerve

65
Q

the medial pectoral nerve supplies what

A

pec major and minor

66
Q

ulnar nerve supplies what

A

anterior compartment of forearm and many intrinsic muscles of the hand

67
Q

what nerve supplies anterior compartment of the arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

68
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm

A

radial nerve

69
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial nerve

70
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

mainly median nerve but also ulnar nerve

71
Q

each terminal branch also carries ____ fibres

72
Q

the axillary nerve supplies motor and sensory to what

A

motor - deltoid and teres minor
sensory - skin of upper lateral arm (badge patch area)

73
Q

what nerve goes from the lateral cord and disappears into the coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

74
Q

how can you identify the median nerve

A

forms from the lateral and medial cords in the M shape

75
Q

what is the course of the median nerve

A

descends the anterior compartment of the arm to pass through cubital fossa and later also carpal tunnel at the wrist to pass into the hand

76
Q

the ulnar nerve lies _____ in arm

77
Q

describe the course of the ulnar nerve

A

lies medially in the arm before passing behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus to lie in medial side of forearm and then pass into hand

78
Q

how can the posterior cord be identified

A

lies behind the axillary artery and forms terminal branches deep to the M shape

79
Q

what nerve wraps around the neck of the humerus

A

axillary nerve

80
Q

describe the course of the axillary nerve

A

wraps around neck of the humerus to pass through the quadrangular space to enter deltoid and teres minor

81
Q

when might axillary nerve be damaged

A

antero-inferior dislocation of glenohumeral joint as it lies close to the joint

82
Q

describe the course of the radial nerve

A

passes deep in the arm before leaving the anterior surface of the humerus and passing through the triangular hiatus to reach posterior compartment of arm. It then travels at the lateral side of the cubital fossa to reach the posterior compartment of forearm

83
Q

what nerve passes through the quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve

84
Q

what nerve passes through the triangular hiatus

A

radial nerve

85
Q

anterior compartments of the arm and forearm are often called

A

flexor compartments

86
Q

posterior compartments of the arm and forearm are often called

A

extensor compartments

87
Q

how is the spiral groove created

A

radial nerve courses around the humerus in the arm creating the spiral groove

88
Q

what attaches either side of the spiral groove

A

lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii attach to humerus either side of spiral groove

89
Q

how can radial nerve be damaged

A

mid-shaft fracture of humerus as it is close to the bone here

90
Q

musculocutaneous nerve fibres

91
Q

axillary nerve fibres

92
Q

radial nerve fibres

93
Q

median nerve fibres

A

lateral root: C6,C7
medial root: C8,T1

94
Q

ulnar nerve fibres

A

C8 T1 (often C7)

95
Q

the lateral root of the median nerve is a terminal branch of what

A

lateral cord (C6 7)

96
Q

the medial root of the median nerve is a terminal branch of what

A

medial cord (C8 T1)

Regional Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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