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Regional Anatomy 1 > Pectoral girdle and shoulder 1 > Flashcards

Pectoral girdle and shoulder 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 bony projections on the scapula

A

coracoid process
acromion
spine of scapula

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2
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff

A

subscapularis
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor

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3
Q

where does subscapularis originate

A

subscapular fossa on anterior surface of scapula

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4
Q

where does infraspinatus originate

A

infraspinous fossa on posterior surface of scapula

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5
Q

where does supraspinatus originate

A

supraspinous fossa on posterior surface of scapula

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6
Q

which surface of the scapula does teres minor originate from

A

posterior

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7
Q

what muscle inserts onto the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

A

serratus anterior

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8
Q

what muscle inserts onto the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

A

rhomboid muscles and levator scapulae

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9
Q

what are the rules for the upper limb for the movement of a joint in terms of muscles and tendons passing over the joint

A

if a muscle or its tendon…
- crosses anterior surface of joint: flex
- crosses posterior surface of joint: extend
- medial surface of joint: adduct
- lateral surface of joint: abduct

(note: not all movements will be possible at all joints)

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10
Q

what creates the bicipital groove

A

tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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11
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the humerus

A

all insert onto greater tubercle except subscapularis which inserts into lesser tubercle

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12
Q

where does subscapularis insert

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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13
Q

where does supraspinatus insert

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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14
Q

where does infraspinatus insert

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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15
Q

where does teres minor insert

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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16
Q

what muscles attach to the inferior surface of the clavicle

A

subclavius
pec major
deltoid

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17
Q

what muscles attach to the superior surface of the clavicle

A

trapezius
deltoid
sternocleidomastoid
pec major

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18
Q

describe the structure of the glenohumeral joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint (therefore surrounded by a capsule)
capsule is reinforced by ligaments to help prevent dislocation of joint

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19
Q

the glenohumeral ligaments pass where

A

from lesser tubercle of the humerus to the edges of the glenoid cavity

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20
Q

the coracohumeral ligament passes where

A

from the greater tubercle of the humerus to the coracoid process of the scapula

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21
Q

the synovial lining of the glenohumeral joint extends away from the joint as what

A

bursae

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22
Q

what is a bursae

A

synovial pocket that may or may not be in communication with the joint

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23
Q

where is there a bursae in the shoulder

A

around the proximal part of the tendon of the long head of the biceps as it passes through the bicipital groove

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24
Q

how is the tendon of the long head of the biceps held within the bicipital groove

A

small transverse humeral ligament

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25
Q

what is the only bony link between the body and the upper limb

A

the clavicle which passes between the sternum and the scapula

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26
Q

name the ligaments of the clavicle

A
  • acromioclavicular ligament
  • coracoacromial ligament
  • coracoclavicular ligament
  • A and P sternoclavicular ligaments
  • costoclavicular ligament to 1st rib
  • interclavicular ligament between clavicles
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27
Q

what are the parts of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

conoid and trapezoid parts

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28
Q

what do the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments joint between

A

manubrium and clavicle

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29
Q

the joint between the manubrium and clavicle is what kind of joint

A

synovial saddle joint

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30
Q

how are the scapula and the muscles that surround it supplied with blood

A

anastomosis around the scapula

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31
Q

blood supply for the scapula and the muscles that surround it is from where

A

branches of the subclavian artery

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32
Q

the right subclavian artery is a branch of what

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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33
Q

the left subclavian artery is a branch of what

A

arch of the aorta

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34
Q

the vertebral arteries (branches of the subclavian) unite to form what

A

basilar artery that supplies the brain

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35
Q

what does the subclavian artery become and at what point

A

becomes the axillary artery as it emerges from beneath the clavicle and passes over surface of the first rib

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36
Q

branches from what supply the scapula and the proximal humerus

A

thyrocervical trunk and the axillary artery

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37
Q

the dorsal scapular artery comes from where

A

the dorsal scapular artery is the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery

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38
Q

where does the dorsal scapular artery pass

A

passes down the medial border of the scapula and anastomoses with branches from the suprascapular artery (from the thyrocervical trunk) and the subscapular artery (from the axillary artery)

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39
Q

the dorsal scapular artery anastomoses with what

A

branches of the suprascapular artery and branches of the subscapular artery

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40
Q

the suprascapular artery comes from where

A

thyrocervical trunk

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41
Q

the subscapular artery comes from where

A

the axillary artery

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42
Q

what supplies the muscles at the lateral border of the scapula

A

subscapular artery forms the thoracodorsal artery that supplies muscles of the lateral border of the scapula

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43
Q

how many anatomical spaces are assoc. with the muscles attaches to the posterior surface of the scapula and the proximal humerus

A

2

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44
Q

what are the two spaces that are assoc. with the muscles attaches to the posterior surface of the scapula and the proximal humerus called

A

quadrangular space
triangular space/hiatus/interval

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45
Q

quadrangular space: superior border

A

teres minor

46
Q

quadrangular space: inferior border

A

teres major

47
Q

quadrangular space: medial border

A

long head of the triceps brachii

48
Q

quadrangular space: lateral border

A

humerus

49
Q

what 2 structures pass through the quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery

50
Q

what nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor

A

axillary nerve (C5 C6)

51
Q

triangular space: superior border

A

teres major

52
Q

triangular space: medial border

A

long head of triceps brachii

53
Q

triangular space: lateral border

A

humerus

54
Q

what 2 structures pass through the triangular space

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

55
Q

what nerve supplies triceps brachii

A

radial nerve

56
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm

A

radial nerve

57
Q

what is the innervation of pectoralis major

A

medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-7) pectoral nerves

58
Q

where do the medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-7) pectoral nerves come from

A

from the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus

59
Q

what are the attachments of pec major

A

clavicle, costal cartilages ribs 1-6, sternum to the outer lip of bicipital groove of the humerus

60
Q

what actions does pec major do

A

flexes arm at the shoulder
adduction of the arm
medial rotation of arm at shoulder

61
Q

what is the innervation of pec minor

A

medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1) from medial cord of brachial plexus

62
Q

what are the attachments of pec minor

A

3rd 4th and 5th ribs to coracoid process of scapula

63
Q

does pec minor cross the glenohumeral joint

A

no

64
Q

what actions does pec minor do

A
  • pulls shoulder anterior and inferior (pulls scapula forwards)
  • can elevate ribs if shoulder is fixed
  • stabilises the shoulder during movements of the upper limb
65
Q

what is the innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) of the brachial plexus

66
Q

what are the attachments of serratus anterior

A

outer surface upper 8 ribs to medial border of the scapula

67
Q

what is the action of serratus anterior

A

protraction of the scapula

68
Q

what is the innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor)
cervical plexus C3,4 (pain)

69
Q

what is the motor innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

70
Q

what is the pain innervation of trapezius

A

cervical plexus C3,4

71
Q

how can trapezius preform more than one action

A

fibres that pass in several different directions

72
Q

what are the attachments of trapezius

A

superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 to lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

73
Q

what are the 3 parts of the trapezius

A

ascending part, transverse part, descending part

74
Q

what does the ascending part of the trapezius do

A

depress scapula

75
Q

what does the transverse part of the trapezius do

A

retracts scapula

76
Q

what does the descending part of the trapezius do

A

elevate scapula
rotate glenoid cavity

77
Q

how does trapezius allow the arm to move above the head

A

rotates scapula - tilts the glenoid cavity moving the acromion superiorly and allowing the humerus to elevate

78
Q

what actions can trapezius do

A

elevate, depress and retract the scapula
also rotate the scapula

79
Q

what is the innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve from posterior cord brachial plexus (C6-8)

80
Q

what are the actions of latissimus dorsi

A

extension, medial rotation and adduction of the arm

81
Q

what are the attachments of latissimus dorsi

A

ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae to floor of bicipital groove of humerus

82
Q

latissimus dorsi is useful in what

A

climbing, chin ups

83
Q

what is the innervation of levator scapulae

A

direct C3 4 5 via dorsal scapular nerve

84
Q

what are the actions of levator scapulae

A

help control scapular position
elevate shoulder (with trapezius)
shoulder fixed can laterally flex neck to same side

85
Q

what are the attachments of levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of atlas, axis, 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae to medial scapular border between superior angle and medial end of scapular spine

86
Q

what is the innervation of rhomboid major and minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

87
Q

the rhomboids lie inferior to what muscle on the posterior body wall

A

trapezius

88
Q

what are the attachments of rhomboid major

A

from 2-5 thoracic spines to medial border of scapula (spine to inferior angle)

89
Q

what are the attachments of rhomboid minor

A

nuchal ligament and C7 to T1 thoracic spines to medial end of spine of scapula

90
Q

what do the rhomboids do

A

retract scapula

91
Q

what muscle forms a cap over the shoulder

A

deltoid

92
Q

what is the innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve (C5,6) from posterior cord of brachial plexus

93
Q

what are the attachments of deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tuberosity of humerus

94
Q

the bulk of the muscle fibres of deltoid lie _____ to the glenohumeral joint

A

lateral

95
Q

what are the actions of deltoid

A

abduction of arm from 10-110 degrees
extension and lateral rotation of arm
flexion and medial rotation of arm

96
Q

the initial 10 degrees of abduction is performed by what

A

supraspinatus

97
Q

abduction of the arm from 10-110 degrees is done mostly by what fibres of deltoid

A

middle

98
Q

extension and lateral rotation of arm is done by what fibres of deltoid

A

posterior fibres

99
Q

flexion and medial rotation of arm is done by what fibres of deltoid

A

anterior fibres

100
Q

the fibres of deltoid that attach to the clavicle do what

A

flex arm

101
Q

the fibres of deltoid that attach to the spine of the scapula do what

A

extend arm

102
Q

what is the insertion of deltoid

A

all the fibres come together at a common insertion point - the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

103
Q

what is the delto-pectoral groove

A

groove between deltoid and pec major on anterior body wall

104
Q

what lies in the delto-pectoral groove

A

cephalic vein

105
Q

what does the cephalic vein drain

A

blood from skin and superficial fascia from lateral side of dorsum of hand, forearm and medial side of arm

106
Q

the cephalic vein pierces the ______ ___ to enter the ___ and join the ____ ___

A

clavipectoral fascia
axilla
axillary vein

107
Q

what is the innervation of teres major

A

subscapular branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus (lower C5-6)

108
Q

what are the attachments of teres major

A

lateral border of scapula (lower 1/3, posterior) to medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

109
Q

what are the actions of teres major

A

adduction and medial rotation of arm

110
Q

what is the innervation of subclavius

A

nerve to subclavius C5,6

111
Q

what are the attachments of subclavius

A

sternal end of 1st rib to middle 1/3 of underside of clavicle

112
Q

what are the actions of subclavius

A

draws clavicle down and slightly forwards during abduction

Regional Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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