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Spinal > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the front of the C1 bony ring?

A

the anterior arch

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2
Q

what osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?

A

The anterior tubercle

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3
Q

what is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

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4
Q

What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?

A

the lateral mass

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5
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligamenet

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6
Q

What is IDed in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?

A

the posterior tubercle

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7
Q

What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle near the lateral mass?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery

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8
Q

What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?

A

an arcuate rim

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9
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?

A

a complete ponticulus posticus

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10
Q

Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articualr process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?

A

an incomplete or complete ponticulus posticus

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11
Q

what names are given to the opening formed by the pnticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen

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12
Q

what is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?

A

the inferior vertebral notch

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13
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process fo C1?

A

the costal element

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14
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?

A

the true transverse process

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15
Q

What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?

A

the posterior tubercfle

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16
Q

What opening is IDed in the transverse process of C1?

A

the transverse foramen

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17
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

the dens or odontoid process

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18
Q

what surfaces are present on the odontid process?

A

facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site fr the apical-dental ligament

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19
Q

What feature is IDed on the anterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?

A

facet for fovea dentis

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20
Q

What feature is IDed on the posterior surface of the odontoid of C2?

A

groove for the transverse atalantal ligament

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21
Q

What feature is IDed on the superolateral margins of the odontoid process of C2?

A

attachment site for apical-dental ligament

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22
Q

What feature is IDed on the tip of the odontoid process of C2?

A

the longus coli muscle attachment

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23
Q

what feature is IDed on the anterior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

the inferior epiphyseal rim and cancellous bone

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24
Q

What feature is IDed on the posterior surface f the inferior epiphyseal ring of C2?

A

the posterior lip

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25
Q

What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

right and left lateral groove

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26
Q

WHAT LIES on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

the superior articular process

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27
Q

What is this location of the superrior vertebral notch of C2?

A

On the lamina pedicle junctions

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28
Q

What feature is IDed on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or incisure

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29
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical traverse process are present at C2?

A

Costal element, oysters or tubercle and true transverse process

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30
Q

What opening is IDed in the traverse process of C2?

A

The transverse Foramen

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31
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?

A

It is bifid

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32
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left Uncinate processes

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33
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and eat lateral grooves

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34
Q

What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

The pedicle

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35
Q

What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

Superior vertebral notch

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36
Q

What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?

A

Inferior vertebral notch

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37
Q

What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?

A

The articular pillar?

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38
Q

What is located at the top of the articular pillars?

A

The superior articular process

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39
Q

The superior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?

A

The superior articular facet

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40
Q

What is located at the bottom of the articular pillar?

A

The inferior articular process

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41
Q

The inferior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?

A

The inferior articular facet

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42
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

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43
Q

What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?

A

The lamina

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44
Q

What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?

A

Posteromedially

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45
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of typical cervical?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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46
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

Para-articular process

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47
Q

To what parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached?

A

The vertebral body and the articular pillar

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48
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process bringing at the vertebral body.

A

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior über cel, true transverse process

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49
Q

What is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

The anterior tubercle

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50
Q

What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?

A

The posterior tubercle

51
Q

What body feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical recital transverse process?

A

Costotransverse bar

52
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

53
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

The carotid tubercle

54
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

They are bifid

55
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-Amercian typical cervical spinous process?

A

The are non-bifid

56
Q

What is the osseous modification at the distal end of e spinous process?

A

The spinous tubercle

57
Q

What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?

A

Anterior groove, posterior groove, right don left uncinate processes

58
Q

What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of C7?

A

Typically flat, lacking anterior and oysters or lis characteristic off the typical cervicals

59
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?

A

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, ostrior tubercle, true transverse process

60
Q

What a the the features of the spinous process of C7?

A

Long, horizontal non-bifid

61
Q

What is the appearance off the vertebral body of T1 form the anterior view?

A

Both sides will appear to be scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims

62
Q

What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?

A

It is somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin

63
Q

What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent?

A

Uncinate processes

64
Q

What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1?

A

Typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lis characteristic of the cervicals

65
Q

What surfaces are present on the upper and lower margins of the T1 vertebral body?

A

The right and left superior costal facet; the right and left inferior costal Demi-facet

66
Q

What is eh direction of the transverse process at T1?

A

The transverse process projects nearly straight out.

67
Q

What is the angular ion of the spinous process of T1?

A

The undersurface of the T1 spinous processes will be nearly horizontal from the horizontal plane

68
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

The vertebral boy, transverse process, articular process an spinous process

69
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline o the vertebral body for the T2-T4 region?

A

The vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides

70
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 region?

A

The left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex

71
Q

What is the name Geiger too the left side appeared of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

The Arctic impression

72
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

The left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

73
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral Boyd of a typical thoracic?

A

The right and let superior and the right and left inferior costal Demi-facets

74
Q

Which of the Demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

The superior costal Demi-facet

75
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

The pedicle arises form the upper third off the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

76
Q

What is the appearance and position of the lamina in a typical thoracic?

A

The lamina is short, broad and thick and lies next to the spinous process

77
Q

What is the direction of the transverse process in the typical thoracics?

A

The transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra

78
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 regions?

A

The superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment

79
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes computer in thee T5-T8 region?

A

The superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment

80
Q

What name is given to the riot between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?

A

The pars interarticularis

81
Q

What is the pars interarticularis?

A

The region between the superior and inferior articular processes?

82
Q

What part of a vertebra arises laterally form the pars interarticularis?

A

The transverse process

83
Q

What is the angular ion of the spinous process of T2-T4?

A

The undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees for the horizontal plane.

84
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?

A

The undersurface of the T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees form the horizontal plane

85
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of T9?

A

The transverse coastal facet

86
Q

Which rib related facet may be absent on T9?

A

The inferior costal Demi facet

87
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T10?

A

Inferior costal Demi-facets

88
Q

What is typically present on the transverse tubercle of /T10?

A

The transverse costal facet

89
Q

What is the generic appearance of thepsinous processes of T10?

A

Shorter and more horizontal than the T9 spinous process

90
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?

A

Kidney-shaped or reniform

91
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T11?

A

The right and left superior costal facet

92
Q

Which synovial joint is absent from the vertebral body of T11?

A

Inferior costal Demi-facet

93
Q

What part of the transverse process is absent on T11?

A

The transverse costal facet

94
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T11?

A

Posterior and horizontal along the undersurface

95
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?

A

The right and left superior costal facet

96
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T11?

A

Inferior costal Demi-facets

97
Q

What is present to the transverse process region to T12?

A

Three tubercles of variable size?

98
Q

What is the location of the lateral tubercle?

A

It projects laterally form the pars interarticularis of T12

99
Q

What is the location of the superior tubercle?

A

It projects superior lay over the superior articular facet form the pars interarticularis of T12

100
Q

What is the location of the inferior tubercle?

A

It projects form the pars interarticularis of T12 in a plane that is inferior to the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle

101
Q

What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of a T12?

A

They are said to be slightly concave

102
Q

What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

They are significantly convex

103
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?

A

Posterior and horizontal

104
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

Accessory process

105
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical lumbar vertebrae?

A

Pars interarticularis

106
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

Mammillary process

107
Q

What is the usual appearance of the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

Rectangular with the long axis in the superior-inferior orientation

108
Q

What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it form the L5 segment? Be specific and complet as the difference(s) on segment form each group.

A

On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates for the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region.

109
Q

What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?

A

It is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes.

110
Q

What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Uncinate recess, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

111
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of T1?

A

The transverse costal facet

112
Q

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T2-T6?

A

They face forward and outward

113
Q

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T7-T8?

A

The face forward, outward, and upward

114
Q

Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to forty degrees?

A

T2-T4

115
Q

Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to sixty degrees?

A

T5-T8

116
Q

Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body of T9?

A

Inferior costal Demi-facet

117
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T9?

A

The undersurface of T9 spinous processes will angle less than forty degrees for the horizontal plane

118
Q

What feature is very commonly observed on the lamina to T10?

A

Para-articular processes

119
Q

What part of the TVP may be absent on T10?

A

The transverse costal facet

120
Q

What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T11?

A

Longer and more horizontal along the undersurface than T10

121
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the TVP?

A

The lateral tubercle

122
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?

A

The superior tubercle

123
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?

A

The inferior tubercle

124
Q

The costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature?

A

The sacral ala

Spinal (47 decks)

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