Lumbar Region

Question 1

What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 form L5?

Answer 1

Vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

Question 2

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral Body from the cranial view?

Answer 2

Reniform or kidney-shaped

Question 3

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

Answer 3

The vertebral Boyd and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

Question 4

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

Answer 4

Decrease in height, increase in circumference

Question 5

How many joint surface are present on the vertebral Boyd of a typical lumbar?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 6

Psoas major and minor

Question 7

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral Boyd of which segments?

Answer 7

T122, L1

Question 8

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral Boyd to articular processes?

Answer 8

Transforaminal ligaments

Question 9

What ligaments attach the vertebral Body to the transverse process?

Answer 9

Corporotransverse ligaments

Question 10

What names ID ligaments that attach the dura mater to the vertebral body or pedicle?

Answer 10

Hofmann ligaments, (also megingeovertebral, anterior dural, Trolard’s ligament)

Question 11

Hofmann ligaments are IDed in which regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 11

Cervical - her thoracic region and lumbar region

Question 12

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach a what structures together?

Answer 12

Dura mater to segments above

Question 13

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 13

C6

Question 14

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 14

Resist causal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

Question 15

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together/

Answer 15

Dura mater to lower segmental levels

Question 16

What is the proposed function to the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 16

Resist cranial moment of the dural sac during flexion

Question 17

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament?

Answer 17

Resist displacement of the peripheral never system in the intervertebral Foramen

Question 18

Which is the greatest diameter of the enteral for mane of a typical lumbars?

Answer 18

Transverse

Question 19

How does the size of the vertebral Foramen differ along the spine?

Answer 19

Cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics are smallest

Question 20

What part of the CNS is present in the lumbar spine>

Answer 20

The conus medullaris is typically presen in the vertebral foramina of L1

Question 21

What part off the PNS is present in the lumbar spine?

Answer 21

The cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

Question 22

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar TVP?

Answer 22

Accessory porcess

Question 23

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

Answer 23

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

Question 24

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 24

The mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

Question 25

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 25

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

Question 26

What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?

Answer 26

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

Question 27

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

Answer 27

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotators, and intertransversarii

Question 28

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

Answer 28

Zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

Question 29

What are the anterior elements of the vertebrae?

Answer 29

Vertebral body and pedicel

Question 30

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

Answer 30

Backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 31

What is the orientation of the typical inferior articular facet?

Answer 31

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

Question 32

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

Answer 32

Mammillary process

Question 33

What muscles will attach to the lumbar superior articular processes?

Answer 33

Multifidis and intertransversarii

Question 34

What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?

Answer 34

Multifidis and intertransversarii

Question 35

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

Answer 35

Mammillo-accessory ligament

Question 36

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 36

The zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3 and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

Question 37

What name is given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

Answer 37

Joint symmetry

Question 38

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane?

Answer 38

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

Question 39

Define or describe joint tropism.

Answer 39

The condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couples lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane

Question 40

What is the name(s) of the condition in which the typical lumbar process increases in length due to the aging process?

Answer 40

Basstrup's syndrome or kissing spine

Question 41

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

Answer 41

Latissimus dorsi, Serratus posterior inferior, Iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

Question 42

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar TVP?

Answer 42

Each TVP is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3; L4 then begins to decrease in length

Question 43

What is Baastrup's syndrome?

Answer 43

Elongation of the lumbar spinous process as a result of aging

Question 44

What is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 44

Anterior height is greater than posterior height by several millimeters; it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-Ray view

Question 45

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

Answer 45

Transformational ligaments

Question 46

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the TVP?

Answer 46

Corporotransverse ligaments

Question 47

What is the reported angulation and X-Ray appearance of the fifth lumbar articular facets?

Answer 47

They lie in the vertical plane and are coronal facets

Question 48

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar superior articular facet?

Answer 48

Backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 49

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet?

Answer 49

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity