Basic Embryology Of The Vertebral Column Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the embryo called?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive speak gives rise to what embryonic structure?
Notochord
What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?
Par axial mesoderm
What does par axial mesoderm give rise to that will form the vertebral column?
Somites
Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite.
Sclerotome, myotonic and dermatome
What part of the somite will give rise to the vertebral column?
Sclerotoma
List in order, the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development.
Membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous
Migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?
The perichordal blastema
The perichordal blastem gives rise to what processes?
Neural processes and costal processes
What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae?
Inter segmental artery
Cell proliferation within the perichordal. Blastema will result in what features?
A loose cranial sclerotomite and a dense caudal sclerotomite
What forms between the sclerotomite said of a perichordal blastema?
The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of Von Ebner)
The intrasclerotomal fissure gives rise to what developmental feature?
The perichordal disc
The perichordal disc in the presumptive location of what adult feature?
The intervertebral disc
What is the earliest embryonic feature what will Id the position of the adult interertrebral disc?
The intrasclerotomal fissure
The Union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loos cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae give rise to what feature?
The vertebral blastema
What vessel will be IDed adjacent to the vertebral blastema?
The segmental artery
What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?
Chondrification
Chondrification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?
The cervical region
What are the names given to the centers of Chondrification within the vertebral blastema?
Centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center
How many centers of Chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?
Six… 2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arch, 2 for each transverse process
What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?
During the 7th embryonic week
Ossification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?
The lower vertical-upper thoracics region
What is the ratio of primary to secondary venters of ossification for a typical vertebra?
3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers
What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical enteral?
Centrum centers and neural arch centers
How many primary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?
There.. 1 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches
What is the classification of the joint forming between primary centers of ossification?
Cartilage synchro dross/amhiarthrosis synchondrosis
What are the names of the synchondrosis forming between primary centers of ossification?
Neurocentral synchondrosis and neural arch synchondrosis
What are the names off the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra ?
Tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers
How many secondary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?
Five… 1 for the tip of each transverse process, 1 for the it of the spinous process, 1 for each epiphyseal plate
What is the classification of the joint forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?
Cartilage synchondrosis/amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
What are the names of the synchondroses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest off the typical vertebra?
Tip of the transverse process synchondrosis, tip of the spinous process synchondrosis, and epiphyseal ring synchondrosis
What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?
During puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old
What is the name given to enters of ossification based on time of appearance?
Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth
When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?
Beginning in the 6th embryonic week
