Basic Embryology Of The Vertebral Column

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the embryo called?

Answer 1

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 2

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive speak gives rise to what embryonic structure?

Answer 2

Notochord

Question 3

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?

Answer 3

Par axial mesoderm

Question 4

What does par axial mesoderm give rise to that will form the vertebral column?

Answer 4

Somites

Question 5

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite.

Answer 5

Sclerotome, myotonic and dermatome

Question 6

What part of the somite will give rise to the vertebral column?

Answer 6

Sclerotoma

Question 7

List in order, the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development.

Answer 7

Membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

Question 8

Migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

Answer 8

The perichordal blastema

Question 9

The perichordal blastem gives rise to what processes?

Answer 9

Neural processes and costal processes

Question 10

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae?

Answer 10

Inter segmental artery

Question 11

Cell proliferation within the perichordal. Blastema will result in what features?

Answer 11

A loose cranial sclerotomite and a dense caudal sclerotomite

Question 12

What forms between the sclerotomite said of a perichordal blastema?

Answer 12

The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of Von Ebner)

Question 13

The intrasclerotomal fissure gives rise to what developmental feature?

Answer 13

The perichordal disc

Question 14

The perichordal disc in the presumptive location of what adult feature?

Answer 14

The intervertebral disc

Question 15

What is the earliest embryonic feature what will Id the position of the adult interertrebral disc?

Answer 15

The intrasclerotomal fissure

Question 16

The Union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loos cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae give rise to what feature?

Answer 16

The vertebral blastema

Question 17

What vessel will be IDed adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

Answer 17

The segmental artery

Question 18

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

Answer 18

Chondrification

Question 19

Chondrification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

Answer 19

The cervical region

Question 20

What are the names given to the centers of Chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

Answer 20

Centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

Question 21

How many centers of Chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

Answer 21

Six… 2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arch, 2 for each transverse process

Question 22

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

Answer 22

During the 7th embryonic week

Question 23

Ossification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

Answer 23

The lower vertical-upper thoracics region

Question 24

What is the ratio of primary to secondary venters of ossification for a typical vertebra?

Answer 24

3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers

Question 25

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical enteral?

Answer 25

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

Question 26

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

Answer 26

There.. 1 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches

Question 27

What is the classification of the joint forming between primary centers of ossification?

Answer 27

Cartilage synchro dross/amhiarthrosis synchondrosis

Question 28

What are the names of the synchondrosis forming between primary centers of ossification?

Answer 28

Neurocentral synchondrosis and neural arch synchondrosis

Question 29

What are the names off the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra ?

Answer 29

Tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

Question 30

How many secondary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

Answer 30

Five... 1 for the tip of each transverse process, 1 for the it of the spinous process, 1 for each epiphyseal plate

Question 31

What is the classification of the joint forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?

Answer 31

Cartilage synchondrosis/amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

Question 32

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest off the typical vertebra?

Answer 32

Tip of the transverse process synchondrosis, tip of the spinous process synchondrosis, and epiphyseal ring synchondrosis

Question 33

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

Answer 33

During puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old

Question 34

What is the name given to enters of ossification based on time of appearance?

Answer 34

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

Question 35

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

Answer 35

Beginning in the 6th embryonic week