Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis Flashcards
What is the definition of spondylosis?
A vertebral condition
What is the definition of spondylolysis?
Vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage
What is the definition of spondylosisthesis?
Vertebral slippage
What is the current limited definition of spondylosis?
A vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related
What are some of the causes of spondylolysis?
Congenital, acquired during development, the result of aging, or the result of trauma
What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in spinal?
A separation along the pars interarticualtion (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)
What specific parts of a vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?
The vertebral body, pedicle, and articular process are separated from the other articular process, lamina and spinous process
What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?
Vertebral body and pedicel, and articular process (the intervertebral disc is also indicated when looking at a vertebral couple)
What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?
The other articular process, lamina, and spinous process
What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?
A range of 2.6-10%
Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?
Fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under 5, patients who have never walked and in non-erect species
Lumbar spondylolysis only been reported in what types of species>
Those species that walk erect; humans
What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be relate to?
The uniquely human upright stance or erect posture
What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar sondylolysis?
Men at L5/S1 and women at L4/L5
What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
10-20 year olds
What motions(s) is particularly associates with lumbar spondylolysis?
Hyperextension couple with rotation
What fills the space in a lumbar sondylolysis?
Fibrocartilagenous material
What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the lumbar spondylolysis?
Nociception, neurodulation and autonomic function
What is the appearance of a pars defect in lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-Ray view?
A Scotty dog
What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-Ray view?
A collared Scotty dog
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of a Scotty dog?
The pars interarticularis below the superior articular process
In an oblique X-Ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?
The neck of the Scotty dog
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?
The pedicle
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?
The superior articular like process
What parts of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?
The TVP
What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?
Rare, congenital, gender biased towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida
What characteristics are associates with sacral spondylolysis?
Rare in the general population, within typical per cents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population, seems to e acquired, gender biased tword men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning
What ethnic groups is associated with a high incidence of sacral sondylolysis?
The native Alaskan (Inuit) population
Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital conditions, acquired conditions or an age-related conditions?
It seems to be acquired
What gender bias is associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Gender bias toward men
What vertebral level is associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Most common at S1
What cities are associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Kayaking and harpooning
What is the ethnic, gender, and locational bias associated with sacral sondylolysis?
The native Alaskan (Inuit) make at S1 level
What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis?
Bilateral spondylolysis
What is the direction of sondylolisthesis?
Anterior or forward displacement
What is the posterior direction of vertebral slippage called?
Retrospondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis
ID all names given to type I spondylolisthesis?
Displastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis
ID all names given to type II spondylolisthesis?
Isthmic spondylolisthesis
ID all names given to type III spondylolisthesis?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis
ID all names given to type IV spondylolisthesis?
Traumatic spondylolisthesis?
ID all names given to type V spondylolisthesis?
Pathologic spondylolisthesis
What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?
L5 or upper sacral segments
What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?
Spina bifida occult and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve
Which subtype of type II spondylolisthesis is stressed in Spinal?
Lytic spondylolisthesis or stress fracture induced spondylolisthesis
What is the cause most frequently given for type II spondylolisthesis?
Microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation
What is the age group typically associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
Teenagers or young adults
What gender bias, locational bias, ans spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in Sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
What conditions are often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is often associated with osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, ligament laxity and articular facet remodeling
What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in Sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?
Bone diseases such as paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta
What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?
The native Alaskan (Inuit) population
What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?
Gymnastics, dance, soccer
What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-Ray view?
A collared scotty dog
What is the incidence of sacral spondylolysis in the general population?
It’s rare
What activities are associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Kayaking and harpooning
What casues type IV spondylolisthesis?
Fracture of the neural arch components
