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spinal > Myology Of The Back > Flashcards

Myology Of The Back Flashcards

1
Q

The trapezius is innervates by what nerve?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

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2
Q

What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius?

A

C1-C5 cord leaves

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3
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervates by what nerve?

A

The thoracodorsal nerve

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4
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve?

A

Ventral rami C6-C8

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5
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

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6
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

The ventral ramus of C5

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7
Q

The levator scapulae is innervated by what nerves?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve and branches form C3, C4 ventral rami

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8
Q

What muscles lie just beneath the traps in the neck?

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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9
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

The spinous process

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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11
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

Lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of TVP on C1-C4

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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13
Q

Which muscles represent the 4th layer of the true back?

A

The erector spinal or sacrospinalis muscles

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14
Q

Which muscles are IDed as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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15
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the Iliocostalis lumborum?

A

Spinous processes of T11-T12, L1-L5 median sacral crest, lateral sacral crest

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis lumborum?

A

Dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

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17
Q

Which subdivision of the Iliocostalis muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum

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18
Q

What is the origin for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs

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19
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, TVP of C7

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20
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

TVP of C7

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21
Q

Which subdivision of the Iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on the ribs?

A

Iliocostalis thoracis

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerve, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)

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24
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

Accessory proces and TVP of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest of S1-S3

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25
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?

A

Longissimus thoracis

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12. L1-L5)

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27
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone

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28
Q

Which subdivision o the longissimus muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of C4-C8 and T1-T2 spinal nerves (C4-C8 and T1-T2 cord levels)

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)

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31
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

Longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves

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33
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)

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34
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

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35
Q

Which muscle are IDed as transversospinalis muscles?

A

Semispinalis, multifidis and rotators

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36
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

As many as 9 vertebrae

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37
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

T12

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38
Q

What is the innervation o fate semispinalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T6)

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39
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-C7

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40
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)

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41
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

Transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6

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42
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)

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43
Q

The biventer cervicis is formed by the fusion of what muscles?

A

Semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis

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44
Q

What regional subdivisions are now IDed with multifidis muscles?

A

Lumber, thorcic, and cervical multifidis

45
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular am mammillary processes along the spine?

A

Multifidis

46
Q

What is the innervation of the classic multifidis?

A

Dorsal rami of C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 and S1 spinal nerves, (cord levels C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 and S1)

47
Q

Contraction of multifidis cervicis will result in what movements?

A

Alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck

48
Q

Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Multifidis lumborum

49
Q

Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

50
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidis lumborum

51
Q

What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?

A

Deep layers of the multifidis

52
Q

What muscles are included in the suboccipital muscle group?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis inferior and superior

53
Q

Which sub occipital muscle lack an attachment to the skull?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

54
Q

Which nerve will innervate all suboccipital muscles?

A

The dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

55
Q

What is the origin of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

C2 spinous proces and lamina

56
Q

An increase in the density of muscle spindles is most apparent in which suboccipital muscle?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

57
Q

Suboccipital muscle feedback relays to what additional locations in the brain?

A

Extraocular nuclei of origin, primary visual cortex and vestibular nuclei

58
Q

What is the result of communication between suboccipital muscles, visual centes and vestibular centers?

A

Coordination of head and eye position

59
Q

What is the proposed function of the suboccipital muscle group?

A

Postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joint

60
Q

Which suboccipital muscles are known to attach to the dura mater?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major & minor, and obliquus capitis inferior

61
Q

Interspinalis is paired in which regions of the spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

62
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the interspinalis?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with intertransversarii to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

63
Q

Intertransversarii are paired in which regions of the spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar

64
Q

What is the innervation of each part of the cervical intertransversarii?

A

Anterior belly, cervical intertransversarii… Ventral Ramus, cervical spinal nerve
Posterior lateral belly, cervical intertransversarii… Ventral ramus, cervical spinal nerve
Posterior medial belly, cervical intertransversarii… Dorsal ramus, cervical spinal nerve

65
Q

What is the innervation of each part of the lumbar intertransversarii?

A

Medial belly, dorsal ramus, lumbar spinal nerve

Anterior lateral and posterior lateral bellies, ventral rami, lumbar spinal nerve

66
Q

Which muscle group is innervates by both dorsal rami and ventral rami or spinal nerves?

A

Intertransversarii

67
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the intertransversarii?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movement is the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

68
Q

What is the origin of the Longus colli?

A

Vertebral bodies of C5-C6, T1-T3 and anterior tubercles of TVP C3-C5

69
Q

What will innervate the Longus colli?

A

Ventral rami of C2-C6 or C7 spinal nerves

70
Q

What is the insertion of the Longus capitis?

A

Basilar part of the occipital bone

71
Q

What will innervate the Longus capitis?

A

The ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

72
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus capitis anterior?

A

Lateral mass and costal element of the TVP of C1

73
Q

What is the insertion of the Rectus capitis anterior?

A

Basilar part of the occipital bone

74
Q

What will innervate the Rectus capitis anterior?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

75
Q

What is the insertion of the Rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Jugular process of the occipital bone

76
Q

What will innervate the Rectus capitis lateralis?

A

The ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

77
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?

A

Ridge and anterior scalene tubercle of the 1st rib

78
Q

What will innervate the anterior scalene>

A

The ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

79
Q

Wha tis the insertion of the middle scalene?

A

Between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib

80
Q

What will innervate the middle scalene?

A

The ventral rami of C3-C8 spinal nerves

81
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?

A

Outer surface of second rib

82
Q

What will innervate the posterior scalene?

A

The ventral rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves

83
Q

The quadratus lumborum is implicated in the formation of which ligament?

A

The iliolumbar ligament

84
Q

What will innervate the quadratus lumborum?

A

The ventral rami of T12 & L1-L3 or L4 spinal nerve

85
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

Vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1 and TVP of L1-L5

86
Q

What will innervate the psoas major?

A

Primarily the ventral rami of L2 & L3, may include ventral rami of L1 % L4 spinal nerves

87
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

Vertebral bodies of T12, L1

88
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

Iliopubic eminence of the in nominate bone

89
Q

What will innervate the psoas minor?

A

The ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve

90
Q

What will innervate the iliacus?

A

The femoral nerve, primarily the ventral rami of L2 & L3

91
Q

What will innervate the levator costarum brevis?

A

The dorsal rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves

92
Q

What is the origin of the levator costarum Longus?

A

Transverse tubercles of the TVP from T7-T10

93
Q

What is the insertion of the levator costarum Longus?

A

Near costal angle of rib 9-12

94
Q

What will innervate the levator costarum Longus?

A

The dorsal rami of the lower thoracic spinal nerves

95
Q

What is the insertion of the Serratus posterior superior?

A

Upper outer border of rib 2-5

96
Q

What will innervate the Serratus posterior superior?

A

The ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves… Intercostal nerves

97
Q

What will innervate the Serratus posterior inferior?

A

The ventral rami of T9-T11, the intercostal nerves and the ventral ramus of T12, the subcostal nerve

98
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer on of the true back?

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi

99
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

Rhomboid major and minor

100
Q

Which muscles attaching to TVP represent layer two of the true back?

A

Levator scapulae

101
Q

The rhomboid major is innervated by what nerves?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

102
Q

The rhomboid minor is innervated by what nerves?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

103
Q

What does the word “splenius” mean?

A

It is the Greek word for bandage

104
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis lumborum?

A

Costal angles of the lower 6-9 ribs (rib 6-rib 12 or rib 3-12)

105
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the Iliocostalis cervicis?

A

None

106
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

Accessory process and medial part of TVP of L1-L5

107
Q

Based on the name of this group, what is the origin-insertion of the transversospinalis?

A

TVP origin, spinous process insertion

108
Q

What is the insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

TVP of C1

109
Q

Contraction of obliquus capitis inferior will result in what movement?

A

Turns the face to the side

spinal (47 decks)

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