ventral trunk and neck AOIN

Question 1

Platysma

Answer 1

A: depresses and wrinkles the skin of the lower face/mouth, tenses the skin of the neck, aids forced depression of the mandible
O: skin over lower neck and upper lateral thorax
I: mandible, skin over lower face, and angle of mouth
N: cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

A: unilateral - tilt head to same side, rotates the head to opposite side
: bilateral - extends the head and aids in respiration when the head is fixed
O: sternal head - sternum (manubrium)
: clavicular head - clavicle (medial 1/3)
I: temporal bone (mastoid process), occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
N: spinal accessory nerve, pain/proprioception cervical plexus C3,4

Question 3

Longus Capitis

Answer 3

A: flexion of head at atlanto-occipital joint
O: C3-6 anterior tubercles of the transverse process
I: occipital bone (basilar part)
N: anterior rami of C1-3

Question 4

Longus Colli

Answer 4

A: unilateral - side bend and rotate the cervical spine to the opposite side
: bilateral - forward flexion of cervical spine
O: vertical (intermediate part) - C5-T3 vertebral bodies
: superior oblique part - C3-5 anterior tubercles of the transverse processes
: inferior oblique part - T1-3 verterbal bodies
I: V - C2-4 anterior surfaces
: SO - atlas anterior tubercle
: IO - C5-6 anterior tubercles of the transverse processes
N: anterior rami C1-6

Question 5

Rectus Capitus Anterior

Answer 5

A: unilateral - lateral flexion of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint
: bilateral - flexion of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint
O: C1
I: occipital bone (basilar part)
N: anterior rami of C1,2

Question 6

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Answer 6

A: unilateral - lateral flexion of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint
: bilateral - flexion of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint
O: C1 transverse process
I: occipital bone (basilar part)
N: anterior rami of C1,2

Question 7

Anterior Scalene

Answer 7

A: bilateral - neck flexion
: unilateral - ipsilateral lateral sidebending, contralateral rotation, 1st rib elevation
O: anterior tubercle of TP of C3-6
I: superior border of 1st rib
N: anterior rami of spinal nerves of C4-6

Question 8

Middle Scalene

Answer 8

A: lateral flexion of the neck and 1st rib elevation
O: TP of C1-2, C3-7 posterior tubercles of TP
I: superior border of 1st rib
N: anterior rami of C3-8

Question 9

Posterior Scalene

Answer 9

A: lateral flexion of the neck and 2nd rib elevation
O: posterior tubercles of TP of C4-7
I: external surface of 2nd rib
N: anterior rami of spinal nerves C6-8

Question 10

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 10

A: flex vertebral column, tilt pelvis posteriorly
O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: cartilage of 5th, 6th, 7th ribs and xiphoid process
N: T5,6,7-11,12, ventral rami

Question 11

External Oblique

Answer 11

A: unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side
: bilaterally - flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
O: external surfaces of 5th-12th ribs
I: anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N: T5,6,T7-11,12

Question 12

Internal Oblique

Answer 12

A: unilaterally - laterally flex verterbral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to same side
: bilaterally - flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracoloumbar fascia
I: internal surface of the lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N: T7,8,9-12,L1, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, ventral rami

Question 13

Transverse Abdominis

Answer 13

A: compress abdominal contents
O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracoloumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs
I: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N: T7-12,L1, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, ventral dividions and subcostal nerve

Question 14

Diaphragm

Answer 14

A: draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm, increase the volume of thoracic cavity during inhalationO: costal attachment - inner surface of lower 6 ribs
: lumbar attachment - upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae
: sternal attachment - inner part of xiphoid process
I: central tendon
N: phrenic C3,4,5

Question 15

Intercostals

Answer 15

A: external - draw the ribs superiorly to assist with inhalation
: internal - draw the ribs inferiorly to assist with exhalation
O: inferior border of the rib above
I: superior border of the rib below
N: thoracic

Question 16

Transversus Thoracis

Answer 16

A: lowers ribs in expiration
O: inner surface of sternum and xiphoid process
I: inner surface of the costal cartilage of the second through sixth ribs
N: 2nd-7th intercostal nerves

Question 17

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 17

A: elevate the ribs during inhalation
O: SP of C7-T3
I: posterior surface of 2-5 ribs
N: T1,2,3,4

Question 18

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 18

A: depress ribs during exhalation
O: SP fo T12-L3
I: posterior surface of 9-12 ribs
N: T9,10,11,12