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summer 2024 > imaging final > Flashcards

imaging final Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae in the lumbar spine

A

5

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2
Q

size difference between lumbar and cervical vertebrae

A

lumbar larger
articular surfaces oriented in sagittal direction
spinous processes shorter, thicker, and not visible on lateral projection

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3
Q

sacralization

A

only four lumbar vertebrae

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4
Q

lumbarization

A

6 lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

standard views

A

AP
left oblique
right oblique
lateral
coned-down view of lumbosacral joint

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6
Q

coned-down view of L5-S1

A

x-rays must penetrate both sides of iliac bones so it subjects the highest dosage of rads of any plain film
lateral view of L5-S1

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7
Q

AP view of lumbar spine totem pole

A

vertebral body - bird’s head
pedicles - bird’s body
transverse processes - feathers from bird’s head
lamina and spinous processes - form bird’s beak

certain metastatic processes have predilection for vertebral pedicles, darkening one eye and resulting in winking owl

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8
Q

alignment in AP

A

spinous processes should align vertically
lateral surfaces of bodies line up vertically

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9
Q

bone density and dimension of AP

A

double lamina - sign of severe spondylolisthesis caused by inferior displacement of L5 on S1

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10
Q

left and right oblique of lumbar

A

patient supine, shoulders, lower spine and pelvis rotated toward side to be image
used to image spondylolysis

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11
Q

scottie dog in lumbar obliques

A

pedicles - dog’s eye
superior articular facet - dog’s ear
inferior articular facet - dog’s front legs
opposite superior facet - tail
opposite inferior facet - back legs
transverse processes - muzzle
pars interarticularis - neck
spondylolysis - collar around neck

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12
Q

lateral view of lumbar

A

spondylolisthesis: is anterior body aligned

grade 1: 25% displacement
grade 2: 50%
grade 3: 75%
grade 4: >75%

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13
Q

retrolisthesis

A

superior portion of spinal column moves posterior on inferior body

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14
Q

vacuum phenomenon

A

radiolucent area in synovial joints, IVD and vertebrae
explained by gas accumulation (nitrogen)

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15
Q

spondylosis deformans

A

well preserved disk spaces and significant spurring of anterior body
calcification of sharpey’s fibers

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16
Q

angle that shaft of femur is offset to acetabulum

A

130

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17
Q

bones that form pelvis

A

iliac wings
pubic bones
ischial bones

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18
Q

angle of inclination

A

normal 125
coxa vara 105
coxa valga 140

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19
Q

standard views for hip and pelvis

A

AP
frog leg

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20
Q

AP hip position

A

pt supine and hip internally rotated 15 degrees

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21
Q

frog leg position

A

pt supine, knees flexed, femurs abducted
does not rule out fracture or dislocated hip

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22
Q

iliopubic line

A

from midpoint of inner rim of pelvis distally along medial rim of pelvis toward pubic rami

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23
Q

ilioischial line

A

runs from midpoint of inner rim of pelvis and runs distally along medial border of teardrop to medial border of obturator foramen

24
Q

teardrops

A

represent sum of shadows created by acetabular walls

25
Q

center edge angle

A

line drawn from center of femoral head vertically
line drawn from center of femoral head to lateral edge of acetabular rim
angle >25 degrees

26
Q

shenton’s line

A

from medial edge of proximal femur metaphysis proximally and medially along proximal rim of obturator foramen
normally smooth

27
Q

other alignment in hip

A

are iliac crests level
are pubic rami aligned
are femurs equally rotated
are greater trochanters level proximally

28
Q

bone density in hip

A

sclerosis resulting from bone on bone articulation when cartilage damaged or worn
increased density in stress injury
rapidly growing tumor shows sunburst pattern

29
Q

four trabecular patterns in femur

A

principle compressive group
secondary compressive group
principle tensile group
secondary tensile group

30
Q

ward’d triangle

A

formed by PC, PT, SC
enlarged in osteopenia

31
Q

calcifications in soft tissue

A

dystrophic causes 95-98% of the time
2-5% - chondrocalcinosis, or tumor

32
Q

congenitally dislocated hip

A

2-3 yo
more in girls
80% unilateral

33
Q

septic hip

A

systematic symptoms of fever, pain, sepsis
children limp and have vague thigh pain

34
Q

legg-calve-perthes disease

A

3-12 yo
AVN, more in boys
1 in 1200
may have high groin pain
melted ice cream cone

35
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

adolescent
most frequent cause of hip pain in this age group
growth plate

36
Q

labral tears and acetabular fracture

A

clinical manifestations of hip protrusion or shallow acetabula

37
Q

osteoarthritis

A

middle age and older
osteoporotic prone to falls

38
Q

dislocations

A

result of shallow acetabula
trauma
following THA - commonly misses

39
Q

which way is the majority of hip disloactions

A

posterior

40
Q

occult fractures

A

may be result of low impact or repetitive impact injuries

41
Q

osteonecrosis

A

AVN
first sign in children - osteoporosis
first sign in adults - sclerosis or crescent sign

42
Q

femoroacetabular impingement

A

decreased offset between neck and head combined with retroversion of head

43
Q

myositis ossfifcans

A

visible 2-4 weeks post injury
pain, swelling, hematoma
loss of blood to quads
increased density in femur

44
Q

standard views of knee

A

AP
lateral
sunrise
tunnel

45
Q

AP knee

A

demonstrates medial and lateral alignment of patella relative to femur
pt supine and beam angled 6 degrees cephalad

46
Q

lateral knee

A

femoral condyles should be superimposed
pt SL and knee flexed 20-35 degrees

47
Q

sunrise view

A

visualize patella in groove

48
Q

tunnel view

A

show intercondylar notch between condyles
knee flexed 40-50 degrees

49
Q

standard views of ankle

A

AP
lateral
mortise

50
Q

ap ankle

A

lateral tibia overlays distal fibula
15-20 deg external rotation

51
Q

lateral ankle

A

plafound, talus, medial malleolus, calcaneus, tarsal

52
Q

mortise view of ankle

A

no overlay of fibula

53
Q

tibial fracture

A

fracture in tibia

54
Q

fibular fracture

A

fracture in fibula

55
Q

jones fracture

A

fracture of the 5th metatarsal

56
Q

dancers fracture

A

tendon pulls of part of bone of 5th metatarsal

57
Q

osteochondritis dissecans

A

a joint condition in which bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow

summer 2024 (9 decks)

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