imaging final

Question 1

how many vertebrae in the lumbar spine

Answer 1

5

Question 2

size difference between lumbar and cervical vertebrae

Answer 2

lumbar larger
articular surfaces oriented in sagittal direction
spinous processes shorter, thicker, and not visible on lateral projection

Question 3

sacralization

Answer 3

only four lumbar vertebrae

Question 4

lumbarization

Answer 4

6 lumbar vertebrae

Question 5

standard views

Answer 5

AP
left oblique
right oblique
lateral
coned-down view of lumbosacral joint

Question 6

coned-down view of L5-S1

Answer 6

x-rays must penetrate both sides of iliac bones so it subjects the highest dosage of rads of any plain film
lateral view of L5-S1

Question 7

AP view of lumbar spine totem pole

Answer 7

vertebral body - bird’s head
pedicles - bird’s body
transverse processes - feathers from bird’s head
lamina and spinous processes - form bird’s beak

certain metastatic processes have predilection for vertebral pedicles, darkening one eye and resulting in winking owl

Question 8

alignment in AP

Answer 8

spinous processes should align vertically
lateral surfaces of bodies line up vertically

Question 9

bone density and dimension of AP

Answer 9

double lamina - sign of severe spondylolisthesis caused by inferior displacement of L5 on S1

Question 10

left and right oblique of lumbar

Answer 10

patient supine, shoulders, lower spine and pelvis rotated toward side to be image
used to image spondylolysis

Question 11

scottie dog in lumbar obliques

Answer 11

pedicles - dog’s eye
superior articular facet - dog’s ear
inferior articular facet - dog’s front legs
opposite superior facet - tail
opposite inferior facet - back legs
transverse processes - muzzle
pars interarticularis - neck
spondylolysis - collar around neck

Question 12

lateral view of lumbar

Answer 12

spondylolisthesis: is anterior body aligned

grade 1: 25% displacement
grade 2: 50%
grade 3: 75%
grade 4: >75%

Question 13

retrolisthesis

Answer 13

superior portion of spinal column moves posterior on inferior body

Question 14

vacuum phenomenon

Answer 14

radiolucent area in synovial joints, IVD and vertebrae
explained by gas accumulation (nitrogen)

Question 15

spondylosis deformans

Answer 15

well preserved disk spaces and significant spurring of anterior body
calcification of sharpey’s fibers

Question 16

angle that shaft of femur is offset to acetabulum

Answer 16

130

Question 17

bones that form pelvis

Answer 17

iliac wings
pubic bones
ischial bones

Question 18

angle of inclination

Answer 18

normal 125
coxa vara 105
coxa valga 140

Question 19

standard views for hip and pelvis

Answer 19

AP
frog leg

Question 20

AP hip position

Answer 20

pt supine and hip internally rotated 15 degrees

Question 21

frog leg position

Answer 21

pt supine, knees flexed, femurs abducted
does not rule out fracture or dislocated hip

Question 22

iliopubic line

Answer 22

from midpoint of inner rim of pelvis distally along medial rim of pelvis toward pubic rami

Question 23

ilioischial line

Answer 23

runs from midpoint of inner rim of pelvis and runs distally along medial border of teardrop to medial border of obturator foramen

Question 24

teardrops

Answer 24

represent sum of shadows created by acetabular walls

Question 25

center edge angle

Answer 25

line drawn from center of femoral head vertically line drawn from center of femoral head to lateral edge of acetabular rim angle >25 degrees

Question 26

shenton's line

Answer 26

from medial edge of proximal femur metaphysis proximally and medially along proximal rim of obturator foramen normally smooth

Question 27

other alignment in hip

Answer 27

are iliac crests level are pubic rami aligned are femurs equally rotated are greater trochanters level proximally

Question 28

bone density in hip

Answer 28

sclerosis resulting from bone on bone articulation when cartilage damaged or worn increased density in stress injury rapidly growing tumor shows sunburst pattern

Question 29

four trabecular patterns in femur

Answer 29

principle compressive group secondary compressive group principle tensile group secondary tensile group

Question 30

ward'd triangle

Answer 30

formed by PC, PT, SC enlarged in osteopenia

Question 31

calcifications in soft tissue

Answer 31

dystrophic causes 95-98% of the time 2-5% - chondrocalcinosis, or tumor

Question 32

congenitally dislocated hip

Answer 32

2-3 yo more in girls 80% unilateral

Question 33

septic hip

Answer 33

systematic symptoms of fever, pain, sepsis children limp and have vague thigh pain

Question 34

legg-calve-perthes disease

Answer 34

3-12 yo AVN, more in boys 1 in 1200 may have high groin pain melted ice cream cone

Question 35

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 35

adolescent most frequent cause of hip pain in this age group growth plate

Question 36

labral tears and acetabular fracture

Answer 36

clinical manifestations of hip protrusion or shallow acetabula

Question 37

osteoarthritis

Answer 37

middle age and older osteoporotic prone to falls

Question 38

dislocations

Answer 38

result of shallow acetabula trauma following THA - commonly misses

Question 39

which way is the majority of hip disloactions

Answer 39

posterior

Question 40

occult fractures

Answer 40

may be result of low impact or repetitive impact injuries

Question 41

osteonecrosis

Answer 41

AVN first sign in children - osteoporosis first sign in adults - sclerosis or crescent sign

Question 42

femoroacetabular impingement

Answer 42

decreased offset between neck and head combined with retroversion of head

Question 43

myositis ossfifcans

Answer 43

visible 2-4 weeks post injury pain, swelling, hematoma loss of blood to quads increased density in femur

Question 44

standard views of knee

Answer 44

AP lateral sunrise tunnel

Question 45

AP knee

Answer 45

demonstrates medial and lateral alignment of patella relative to femur pt supine and beam angled 6 degrees cephalad

Question 46

lateral knee

Answer 46

femoral condyles should be superimposed pt SL and knee flexed 20-35 degrees

Question 47

sunrise view

Answer 47

visualize patella in groove

Question 48

tunnel view

Answer 48

show intercondylar notch between condyles knee flexed 40-50 degrees

Question 49

standard views of ankle

Answer 49

AP lateral mortise

Question 50

ap ankle

Answer 50

lateral tibia overlays distal fibula 15-20 deg external rotation

Question 51

lateral ankle

Answer 51

plafound, talus, medial malleolus, calcaneus, tarsal

Question 52

mortise view of ankle

Answer 52

no overlay of fibula

Question 53

tibial fracture

Answer 53

fracture in tibia

Question 54

fibular fracture

Answer 54

fracture in fibula

Question 55

jones fracture

Answer 55

fracture of the 5th metatarsal

Question 56

dancers fracture

Answer 56

tendon pulls of part of bone of 5th metatarsal

Question 57

osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 57

a joint condition in which bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow