anatomy final Flashcards
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus?
Abduct shoulder
Teres Minor inserts onto which structure and what is the innervation of this muscle?
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle
N: axillary nerve
Pectoralis major action and insertion point?
A: All fibers: adduct and medially rotate shoulder, elevate thorax
Upper fibers: flex and horizontally rotate shoulder
Lower fibers: extend shoulder
I: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Pec minor origin?
3rd-5th ribs
Long Thoracic nerve innervates which muscle?
Serratus anterior
Thoracodorsal Innervates which muscle?
Latissimus dorsi
Name the 3 primary upward rotators of the scapula?
Upper and lower fibers of trapezius
Serratus anterior
Biceps Brachii short/long head- name both origins and insertion point?
O: Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
I: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
Triceps Long head origin?
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Subscapularis insertion?
Lesser tubercle
Trapezoid and the conoid ligaments make up which major ligament?
coracoclavicular
What type of joints are the AC and SC?
planer
Which myotome would be involved with elbow flexion? Which would be involved with finger abduction?
Elbow flexion: C6
Finger abduction: T1
Which muscles originate on the medial epicondyle?
Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Which muscles originate on the lateral epicondyle?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
Ulnar nerve innervates which muscle(s) of the forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the origin of the pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle and coranoid process
What is the origin of the Supinator?
Lateral epicondyle
Where does the Flexor carpi Radialis insert?
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Where does the Extensor carpi Radialis Longus and where does the Extensor Carpi radialis brevis insert?
Longus: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal
Brevis: dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
Action(s) of the Extensor Digiti Minimi
extend and abduct 5th finger, extend and ulnar deviate wrist
action(s) of the Extensor indicis
extends index finger, extends wrist
Which main nerve branch(es) come off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Ulnar
median
Which main nerve branch(es) come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
axillary
median
Valgus stress test (test forcing valgus on the elbow) would test the integrity of which ligament?
UCL
Varus stress test (test forcing varus on the elbow) would test the integrity of which ligament?
RCL
What is the name of the ligament that stabilizes the radial head at the proximal tibiofibular joint? Common injury in children called nursemaid’s elbow is due to laxity of this ligament in children.
annular ligament
What are the 3 muscles/tendons that comprise the anatomical snuff box? Which main bone can you palpate and which artery can you palpate?
Scaphoid
Radial artery
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Which ligaments of the wrist stabilize varus and valgus forces?
Stabilize varus: RCL
Stabilize valgus: UCL
What is the name of the structure at the distal end of the ulna that articulates with the carpal bones?
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC): Shock absorption, covers end of ulna, stabilize RUJ
MCPs are what type of joint?
a. condyloid
Which muscles receive median nerve innervation?
Abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
lumbricals
Which receives ulnar nerve innervation?
flexor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
lumbricals
palmar interossei
dorsal interossei
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponenes digiti minim
insertion of opponens pollicis
base of 1st MC
what is the insertion site of the opponens digiti minimi?
shaft of 5th MC
What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi? (hand)
Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the origin of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium, trapezoid and capitate
action of lumbricals
extend 2-5 at IP, flex 2-5 at MCP
action of palmar interossei
adduct 1-2, 4-5, flex 1-2, 4-5 at MCP, extend 1-2, 4-5 at IP
action of dorsal interossei
abduct 2-4 at MCP, flex 2-4 at MCP, extend 2-4 at IP
origin of gluteus maximus
coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
origin of gluteus medius
between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
origin of gluteus minimus
between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Innervation of TFL?
superior gluteal
insertion of IT band
lateral condyle of tibia
actions of Sartorius
Flex, laterally rotate and abduct hip, flex and medially rotate knee
pes anserine muscle action on the knee
Flex and medially rotate knee
What is the action of the piriformis and how does it’s action change?
a. Laterally rotate hip
b. When hip is flexed past 90 degrees, abduct the hip
Where does the sciatic nerve run out of the pelvis and what are the nerve roots?
a. Sciatic nerve exits the greater sciatic foramen
b. L4-S3
Nerve roots of the superior/inferior gluteal nerves?
a. Superior – L4-S1
b. Inferior – L5-S2
What are the Adductor magnus actions and innervation?
A: Adduct, medially rotate and extend hip
I: Obturator and sciatic
What are the Adductor brevis and longus insertion points?
B: pectineal line and medial linea aspera
L: medial linea aspera
myotome for hip flexion
L2
ligament resists posterior translation to the tibia at the knee joint
PCL
ligament resists varus forces at the knee? (varus stress test is performed to check integrity)
LCL
Which muscles help to dorsiflex and invert the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?
mid posterior tibia
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment and which nerve innervates the lateral compartment?
Ant: deep peroneal
Lat: superficial peroneal
What are the 3 main components of the lateral collateral ligament?
a. Anterior talofibular
b. Posterior talofibular
c. calcaneofibular
Which main ligament resists eversion of the ankle?
deltoid
What is the origin of the Abductor hallucis?
Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?
Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
What is the insertion of the lumbricals of the foot?
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
What do the plantar and dorsal interossei do?
Plantar: adduct 3rd-5th toes MTP and flex 3rd-5th toes MTP
Dorsal: abduct 2nd-4th toes MTP and flex 2nd-4th toes MTP
Where does the longissimus capitis insert?
mastoid process
What are the components of the spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis (thoracis, cervicis, etc?)
S: thoracis and cervicis
L: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
I: lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
Where does the splenius capitis originate?
Inferior ½ of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4
Where does the Semispinalis capitis originate?
Transverse processes of C4-T5
Where does the longus colli vertical component insert?
C2-C4 anterior surfaces
What are the action(s) of each of the suboccipital muscles?
RCPMajor: rock and tilt head into extension, rotate head to same side
RCPMinor: rock and tilt head into extension
OCS: rock and tilt into extension, laterally flex head to same side
OCI: rotate head to same side
What is the External oblique action versus the internal oblique action?
EO: rotate to opposite side, laterally flex to same side, flex vertebral column, compress contents
IO: rotate to same side, laterally flex to same side, flex vertebral column, compress contents
origins of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
SPS: Spinous processes of C7-T3
SPI: Spinous processes of T12-L3
actions of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
SPS: elevate ribs in inhalation
SPI: depress ribs in exhalation
innervation of masseter
trigeminal
actions of temporalis
elevate and retract mandible
actions of masseter
elevate and protract mandible
actions of medial pterygoid
laterally deviate mandible to opposite side, elevate and protract mandible
actions of lateral pterygoid
laterally deviate mandible to opposite side, protract mandible
Name the individual muscles that make up the infrahyoids
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
omohyoid
supraspinatus
A: Abduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Superior facet of greater tubercle
N: Suprascapular C4-6
infraspinatus
A: Laterally rotate and adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Middle facet of greater tubercle
N: Suprascapular C4-6
teres minor
A: Laterally rotate and adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
O: Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle
N: Axillary C5-6
subscapularis
A: Medially rotate shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle
N: Upper and lower subscapular C5-7
teres major
A: Extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder
O: Inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
I: Crest of lesser tubercle/medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
N: Lower subscapular C5-7
Trapezius
A: Upper fibers: Extend head and neck, Laterally rotate head and neck to same side, Rotate head and neck to opposite side, Elevate scapula, Upwardly rotate scapula
Middle fibers: Adduct and stabilize scapula
Lower fibers: Depress and upwardly rotate scapula
O: External occipital protuberance, medial superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
N: Spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus C2-T12
levator scapulae
A: Elevate and downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex and extend head and neck, rotate head and neck to same side
O: Transverse processes of 1st-4th cervical vertebrae
I: Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior spine of scapula
N: Cervical 3-4, dorsal scapular C4-5
rhomboid major
A: Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate scapula
O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
N: Dorsal scapular C4-5
rhomboid minor
A: Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate scapula
O: Spinous processes of C7-T1
I: Upper medial border of scapula across from spine
N: Dorsal scapular C4-5
serratus anterior
A: With origin fixed: Abduct, upwardly rotate and depress scapula, hold medial border against rib cage
With scapula fixed: Elevate thorax during inhalation
O: External surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
I: Anterior surface of medial border
N: Long thoracic C5-8
latissimus dorsi
A: Extend, adduct, and medially rotate shoulder
O: Inferior angle of scapular, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest
I: Intertubercular groove of humerus
N: Thoracodorsal C6-8
deltoid
A: All fibers: Abduct shoulder
Anterior fibers: Flex, medially rotate and horizontally adduct shoulder
Posterior fibers: Extend, laterally rotate and horizontally abduct shoulder
O: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
N: Axillary C5-6
subclavius
A: Depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly, elevate first rib, stabilize SCJ
O: First rib and cartilage
I: Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
N: Subclavian C5-6
pectoralis major
A: All fibers: Adduct and medially rotate shoulder, elevate thorax in inhalation
Upper fibers: Flex and horizontally adduct shoulder
Lower fibers: Extend shoulder
O: Medial ½ of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st-6th ribs
I: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus/lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
N: Upper fibers: lateral pectoral C5-7
Lower fibers: lateral and medial pectoral C6-T1
pectoralis minor
A: Depress, abduct, and downwardly rotate scapula, elevate thorax during inhalation
O: 3rd-5th ribs
I: Medial surface of coracoid process
N: Medial pectoral with branches from lateral pectoral C6-T1
joint types of SC, AC, GH
SC: saddle, but functions as ball and socket
AC: planar
GH: ball and socket
biceps brachii
A: Flex elbow, supinate forearm, flex shoulder
O: Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
I: Tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
N: Musculocutaneous C5-6
triceps brachii
A: All: extend elbow
Long: extend and adduct shoulder
O: Long: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral: posterior surface of proximal ½ of humerus
Medial: posterior surface of distal ½ of humerus
I: Olecranon process
N: Radial C6-T1
anconeus
A: Extend elbow
O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Olecranon process and posterior and proximal ulna
N: Radial C7-8
pronator teres
A: Weak flex elbow, pronate forearm
O: Humeral head: medial epicondyle, ulnar head: coronoid process
I: Lateral surface of radius
N: Median C6-7
Flexor digitorum superficialis
A: Flex wrist and 2nd-5th MCPs and PIPs
O: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process, radial head: anterior border of radius distal to radial tuberosity
I: Sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
N: Median C8-T1
Flexor carpi radialis
A: Flex and radial deviate wrist
O: Medial epicondyle
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
N: Median C6-7
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A: Flex and ulnar deviate wrist
O: Humeral head: medial epicondyle, ulnar head: olecranon
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MC
N: Ulnar C8-T1
Palmaris longus
A: Flex wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
O: Medial epicondyle
I: Palmar aponeurosis
N: Median C7-8
Flexor digitorum profundus
A: Flex wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd-5th digits
O: Proximal 2/3 of flexor surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Palmar surface of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
N: Median C8-T1, ulnar C8-T1
Flexor pollicis longus
A: Flex and abduct wrist, oppose thumb, flex MCP and IP of thumb
O: Mid anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
N: Median C8-T1
Pronator quadratus
A: Pronates hand, stabilizes RUJ
O: Distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna
I: Distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius
N: Median C8-T1
Brachioradialis
A: Flex elbow and semi pronation of elbow
O: Lateral surface of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
I: Radial styloid process
N: Radial C5-6
Extensor carpi radialis longus
A: Dorsal extension and radial deviation of hand
O: Lateral surface of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
I: Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal
N: Radial C6-7
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A: Dorsal extension and radial deviation of hand
O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Doral base of 3rd metacarpal
N: Radial C6-7
Extensor digitorum
A: Extend wrist, extend and abduct fingers
O: Common head (lateral epicondyle)
I: Dorsal digital expansion of 2nd-5th digits
N: Radial C7-8
Extensor digiti minimi
A: Extend and ulnar deviate wrist, extend and abduct 5th digit
O: Common head
I: Dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
N: Radial C7-8
Extensor carpi ulnaris
A: Extend and ulnar deviate hand
O: Common head, ulnar head
I: Base of 5th MC
N: Radial C7-8
supinator
A: Supinate RUJ
O: Olecranon, lateral epicondyle, RCL, annular ligament
I: Radius between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres
N: Radial C7-8
Abductor pollicis
A: Radial deviate the hand, abduct thumb
O: Dorsal surfaces of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1st MC
N: Radial C7-8
Extensor pollicis brevis
A: Radial deviate hand, extend thumb
O: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Radial C7-8
Extensor pollicis longus
A: Extend and radial deviate the hand, adduct and extend thumb
O: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: Radial C7-8
Extensor indicis
A: Extend wrist, extend 2nd digit
O: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Posterior digital expansion of 2nd digit
N: Radial C7-8
Abductor pollicis brevis
A: Abduct thumb, assist oppose thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium and scaphoid tubercles
I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Median C6-T1
Flexor pollicis brevis
A: Flex and assist to oppose thumb
O: Superficial head: flexor retinaculum, Deep head: trapezium, trapezoid and capitate
I: Base of proximal phalanx
N: Superficial head: median C6-T1, Deep head: ulnar C8-T1
Opponens pollicis
A: Oppose thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
I: Entire length of 1st MC, radial surface
N: Median C6-T1
Adductor pollicis
A: Adduct and assist to flex thumb
O: Capitate, 2nd-3rd MC
I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Ulnar C8-T1
Lumbricals of hand
A: Extend 2nd-5th IPs, flex 2nd-5th MCP
O: Surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendon
I: Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
N: 2nd-3rd: median C6-T1, 4th-5th: ulnar C7-T1
Palmar interossei
A: Adduct 1st-2nd, 4th-5th fingers, flex 1st-2nd, 4th-5th MCP, extend 1st-2nd, 4th-5th IP
O: Base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th MC
I: Base of proximal phalanx of related finger and extensor aponeurosis
N: Ulnar C8-T1
Dorsal interossei
A: Abduct 2nd, 3rd, 4th fingers, flex 2nd, 3rd, 4th MCP, extend 2nd, 3rd, 4th IP
O: Adjacent sides of all metacarpals
I: Base of proximal phalanx of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th fingers and extensor aponeurosis
N: Ulnar C8-T1
Abductor digiti minimi
A: Abduct 5th finger, assist to oppose 5th finger
O: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface
N: Ulnar C7-T1
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
A: Flex 5th finger, assist to oppose 5th finger
O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
N: Ulnar C7-T1
Opponens digiti minimi
A: Oppose 5th finger
O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
N: Ulnar C7-T1
RCL
styloid process to lateral scaphoid and trapezium
UCL
ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
radioscaphocapitate, radioscapholunate, long radiolunate, short radiolunate
Dorsal radiocarpal
distal radius to scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium
Anatomical snuff box
Boundaries: extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Contents: superficial radial artery, scaphoid, cephalic vein
Carpal tunnel
Boundaries: flexor retinaculum, carpal bones
Contents: flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, median nerve, flexor pollicis longus tendon, flexor digitorum profundus tendons
1/2 LOAF
lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
gluteus maximus
A: All: extend, laterally rotate and abduct hip
Lower: adduct hip
O: Coccyx, edge of scarum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
I: IT band (upper) and gluteal tuberosity (lower)
N: Inferior gluteal L5-2
gluteus medius
A: All: abduct hip
Anterior: flex and medially rotate hip
Posterior: extend and laterally rotate hip
O: Between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
N: Superior gluteal L4-S1
gluteus minimus
A: Abduct, medially rotate and flex the hip
O: Between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
N: Superior gluteal L4-S1
Tensor fasciae latae
A: Abduct, medially rotate and flex the hip
O: Iliac crest posterior to ASIS
I: IT band
N: Superior gluteal L4-S1
sacrospinous ligament
Ischial spine to posterior sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx to ischial tuberosity
iliacus
A: With origin fixed: flex hip, laterally rotate hip
With insertion fixed: flex trunk toward thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly
O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
N: Femoral L1-L4
psoas major
A: With origin fixed: flex and laterally rotate hip
with insertion fixed: flex trunk toward thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly, unilaterally: laterally flex lumbar spine
O: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter
N: Psoas major L1-L4
psoas minor
A: Create lordotic curve, tilt pelvis posteriorly
O: Body of 1st lumbar vertebra
I: Superior ramus of pubis
N: Psoas minor L1-2
sartorius
A: Flex, laterally rotate, abduct the hip, flex and medially rotate the knee
O: ASIS
I: Pes anserinus tendon
N: Femoral L2-L4
Inguinal ligament
A: ASIS to pubis tubercle
O: Femoral n/a/v and iliopsoas run underneath it
femoral triangle
Boundaries: inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
Contents: femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics
Piriformis
A: Laterally rotate and abduct hip
O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: Superior aspect of greater trochanter
N: Piriformis L5-S2
Gemellus superior
A: Laterally rotate hip
O: Ischial spine
I: Medial greater trochanter
N: Obturator internus L5-S2
Obturator internus
A: Laterally rotate hip
O: Obturator membrane and inferior obturator foramen
I: Medial greater trochanter
N: Obturator internus L5-S2
Gemellus inferior
A: Laterally rotate hip
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial greater trochanter
N: Quadratus femoris L4-S2
Obturator externus
A: Laterally rotate hip
O: Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa
N: Obturator L3-4
Quadratus femoris
A: Laterally rotate hip
O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest/quadrate tubercle
N: Quadratus femoris L4-S2
Adductor magnus
A: Adduct, medially rotate, assist to flex, and extend hip
O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity
I: Medial lip of linea aspera, adductor tubercle
N: Obturator L2-4, sciatic L4-S1
Pectineus
A: Adduct, assist to flex, medially rotate hip
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
N: Femoral and obturator L2-4
Gracilis
A: Adduct and medially rotate hip, flex and medially rotate knee
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pes anserinus
N: Obturator L2-4
Adductor longus
A: Adduct, assist to flex and medially rotate hip
O: Pubic tubercle
I: Medial lip of linea aspera
N: Obturator L2-4
Adductor brevis
A: Adduct, assist to flex, and medially rotate hip
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
N: Obturator L2-4
Greater sciatic foramen
Sciatic nerve, superior gluteal n/a/v, inferior gluteal n/a/v, nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve
lesser sciatic nerve
Obturator internus tendon, n to obturator internus, internal pudendal a/v, pudendal nerve
Iliofemoral ligament
AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line
Resits hyperextension and lateral rotation
Pubofemoral
Superior pubic ramus to iliopectineal line
Resists hyperabduction
Ischiofemoral
Ischial portion of acetabular rim to base of greater trochanter
Resists hyperextension, adduction, and internal rotation
Acetabulofemoral joint
ball and socket
Rectus femoris
A: Extend the knee and flex the hip
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral L2-4
Vastus lateralis
A: Extend knee
O: Lateral linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral L2-4
Vastus medialis
A: Extend knee
O: medial linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral L2-4
Vastus intermedius
A: Extend knee
O: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral L2-4
ACL
Anterior intercondylar space to medial surface of lateral condyle
Prevents forward sliding of tibia
Torn in hyperextension or valgus
PCL
Posterior intercondylar surface to lateral surface of medial condyle
Prevents backward sliding of tibia
Torn in flexion
MCL
Medial epicondyle of femur to medial epicondyle of tibia, medial meniscus
Resist valgus
PCL
Lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head
Resist varus
Menisci
Medial: c shaped
Lateral: circular
what typeof joint is the knee?
hinge joint
what type of joint is the proximal tib/fib?
planar/gliding joint
popliteus
A: Medially rotate flexed knee and flex knee
O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
N: Tibial L4-S1
plantaris
A: Weak plantarflex ankle, weak flex knee
O: Lateral supracondylar line
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial S1-2
gastrocnemius
A: Flex knee and plantar flex ankle
O: Condyles of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial S1-2
soleus
A: Plantar flex ankle
O: Soleal line, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial S1-2
tibialis posterior
A: Invert foot, plantarflex ankle
O: Proximal, posterior shaft of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
I: All 5 tarsal bones and bases of 2nd-4th MT
N: Tibial L4-S1
Flexor digitorum longus (foot)
A: Flex 2nd-5th toes, weak plantarflexion, invert foot
O: Middle, posterior surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
N: Tibial L5-S2
Flexor hallucis longus
A: Flex 1st toe, weak plantarflex ankle, invert foot
O: Middle ½ of posterior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
N: Tibial L5-S2
Tibialis anterior
A: Invert foot and dorsiflex ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform and base of 1st MT
N: Deep peroneal L4-S1
Extensor digitorum longus
A: Extend 2nd-5th toes, dorsiflex ankle, evert foot
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
N: Deep peroneal L4-S1
Extensor hallucis longus
A: Extend 1st toe, dorsiflex ankle, invert foot
O: Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
N: Deep peroneal L4-S1
Fibularis tertius
A: Dorsiflex and evert foot
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior fibula
I: Dorsal base of 5th MT
N: Deep peroneal L4-S1
Peroneus longus
A: Evert foot and plantar flex ankle
O: Head of fibula and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Base of 1st MT and medial cuneiform
N: Superficial peroneal L4-S1
peroneus brevis
A: Evert foot and assist to plantar flex ankle
O: Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity of 5th MT
N: Superficial peroneal L4-S1
Extensor digitorum brevis
A: Extend 2nd-4th toes
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Extensor digitorum longus tendons of 2-4
N: Deep fibular L5-S1
Extensor hallucis brevis
A: Extend 1st toe at MTP
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of 1st toe
N: Deep fibular L5-S1
Abductor hallucis
A: Abduct 1st toe, assist to flex 1st toe
O: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: Proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone
N: Tibial L4-S1
Abductor digiti minimi
A: Flex 5th toe, assist to abduct 5th toe
O: Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: Proximal phalanx of 5th toe
N: Tibial S-2
Flexor digitorum brevis
A: Flexes 2nd-5th toes
O: Medial process of calcaneus and planter aponeurosis
I: Middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
N: Tibial L4-S1
flexor hallucis brevis
A: Flex 1st digit at MTP
O: Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: Medial and lateral surface of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: Tibial L4-S1
adductor hallucis
A: Adduct 1st toe, assist to maintain transverse arch, assist to flex 1st toe
O: Oblique head: bases of 2nd-4th MT, Transverse head: plantar ligament of 3rd-5th MTP
I: Lateral surface of base of proximal 1st toe
N: Tibial S1-2
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
A: Flex 5th toe
O: Base of 5th MT
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
N: Tibial S1-2
Quadratus plantae
A: Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd-5th toes
O: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneus
I: Posterior, lateral flexor digitorum longus tendon
N: Tibial S1-2
plantar interossei
A: Adduct and flex 3rd-5th toes
O: Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th toes
I: Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th toes
N: Tibial S1-2
dorsal interossei
A: Abduct and flex 2nd-4th toes
O: Adjacent surfaces of all MT
I: First: medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe, second-fourth: lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th toes
N: Tibial S1-2
l. Lumbricals of foot
A: Flex proximal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes at MTP and extend middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes at IP
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes and extensor digitorum longus tendons
N: Tibial L4-S1
deltoid ligament
Tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tiobiotalar, posterior tibiotalar
Maintains medial arch
b. Lateral collateral
resists inversion
Plantar calcaneonavicular
spring ligament
talocrural joint
hinge
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion
subtalar joint
Planar
Allows inversion/eversion
blood supply
Dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of anterior tibial artery
