foundations midterm Flashcards

1
Q

7 vital signs

A

pain
temp
pulse/HR
O2
BP
respiration rate
walking speed

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2
Q

should PTs take vitals?

A

yes, baseline to see if they are safe to work with.

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3
Q

pain scale

A

0 none
1-2 mild
3-4 mod
5-6 mod
7-8 severe
9-10 severe

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4
Q

temperature

A

normal- 96.8-99.3
average- 98.6
fever- over 100

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5
Q

pulse

A

adult normal- 60-100
child normal- 70-130
newborn normal 100-150

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6
Q

respiration rate

A

adult normal at rest- 12-18 breaths /min
infant normal- 30-50 breaths /min

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7
Q

O2

A

normal- 95-100%

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8
Q

blood pressure

A

normal <120 and <80
elevated 120-129 and <80
hypertension1 130-139 or 80-89
HTN 2 140+ or 90+
HTN 3 180+ and/or 120+

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9
Q

reservoir

A

patient zero

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10
Q

method of exit

A

wound, respiratory tract

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11
Q

method of transmission

A

how does it travel

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12
Q

method of entry

A

how it enters

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13
Q

susceptible host

A

new host

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14
Q

asepsis

A

absence of microorganisms that produce disease

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15
Q

nosocomial

A

originated in hospital

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16
Q

in what order do you don ppe?

A

bottom up

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17
Q

in what order do you doff?

A

alphabetical order

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18
Q

contact precautions

A

gloves and gown

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19
Q

droplet precautions

A

mask, gloves, gown

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20
Q

airborne precautions

A

N-96 mask, gloves, gown, negative airflow in private room

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21
Q

MRSA

A

contact, gloves, gown

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22
Q

VRE

A

contact, gloves, gown

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23
Q

C. diff

A

contact, gloves, gown

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24
Q

scabies

A

contact, gloves, gown

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25
zika virus
contact, mask, gown, gloves
26
mumps
droplet, mask, gown, gloves
27
meningitis
droplet, mask, gown, gloves
28
strep
droplet, mask, gown, gloves
29
measles
airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown
30
TB
airborne, mask, gloves, gown
31
chickenpox
airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown
32
small pox
airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown
33
SARS
airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown
34
staph
contact
35
COVID-19
droplet
36
flu
droplet
37
HIPAA
health insurance portability and accountability act
38
what does HIPAA protect?
all individual identifiable health information
39
most common HIPPA violation
oral conversations in hallways or elevator
40
informed consent
right of pt to make decisions about their care. need to know results, recommendations, benefits, costs, risks, alternatives
41
tell a story
about pt beginning, middle, end medical necessity to show care provided
42
medical necessity
needed to diagnose or treats document rationale and purpose
43
skilled care
show that they need PT
44
tips for documenting
accuracy brevity clarity pt centered legibility
45
how to write dates
mm/dd/yy
46
what can a pta do?
subjective objective, only if retesting interventions within POC future plan within POC
47
what can a pta not do?
initial evaluation diagnosis prognosis POC discharge
48
define transfer
safe movement from one surface to another
49
dependent or total assist
pt performs 0% of work
50
max assist
pt performs 25-49% of work
51
mod assist
pt performs 50-74% of work
52
min assist
pt performs 75% or more of work
53
contact guard assist
PT is making physical contact with pt
54
standby/supervision
verbal or tactile cues instructions given to pt, but no physical contact
55
modified independent
independent, but uses adaptive equipment or needs more time
56
independent
without any verbal or manual assistance
57
organization of transfers
inform pt demonstration safety precautions use of proper equipment/assistance
58
before transfer
proper footwear shortest distance prep yourself prep anyone assisting you review medical chart interview pt mentally prepare sequence
59
determining appropriate transfer
evaluation medical information available information from pt goals
60
transfer equipment
transfer board lift electric hoist bed rail over bed or trapeze bar
61
during transfer
one step commands encourage maximum participation proper body mechanics safe and efficient transfer
62
while performing transfer
lock wheels be alert to devices that may interfere gait belt stabilize pt's knees, pelvis, upper thorax remain close and guard pt properly proper body mechanics concise statements while guiding
63
bed transfers
side to side upward downward
64
which side should you roll pt onto
roll onto strong side
65
how to document transfers
location to location position to position
66
other types of transfers
stand pivot squat pivot sideboard mechanical lift
67
special precautions for total hip
surgical side should not be adducted, rotated or flexed over 90 degrees do not cross ankles or pull on surgical extremity do not allow pt to lie on surgical extremity maintain surgical extremity in abduction pt should sit semi-reclined
68
low back trauma or discomfort
avoid excessive rotation avoid trunk bending and flexion may have less discomfort if logroll may be more comfortable with hips and knees partially flexed with pillow under or between knees in supine or side-lying
69
spinal cord injury
avoid distracting and rotational forces do not pull on lower extremities logroll when turning protective positioning be aware of syncope
70
burns
avoid shear force over burn and graft site elevate body to avoid shear forces
71
hemiplegia
avoid pulling involved extremities many pts experience discomfort when lie on involved shoulder
72
COG
center of gravity
73
BOS
base of support
74
VGL
vertical gravity line
75
lumbar lordosis
natural curve at wasit line
76
valsalva maneuver
increase inter thoracic pressure hold breath while bearing down
77
plumb line
ear shoulder hip (greater trochanter) knee ankle (lateral malleolus)
78
ideal sitting posture
arms parallel top of screen at eye level soles flat
79
rules of lifting
load close maintain blance shorten lever arm to decrease torque no twisting larger and stringer muscles push, pull, roll, slide object
80
deep squat
wide BOS, low COG hips below knees
81
power lift
1/2 squat hips above knees
82
straight leg
knees slightly flexed
83
golfer's
balance support with opposite UE
84
pushing and pulling
crouching or semi squat position
85
reaching and carrying
COG close to yours
86
positioning for prevention
soft-tissue injury joint contracture nerve injury infection pt comfort
87
precautions for positioning
avoid folds and wrinkles in fabric observe skin color protect bony prominences extremities within support surface lacking normal circulation or sensation surgeries or injuries
88
3 reasons to drape
modesty temperature control protect skin or clothing
89
3 to always drape
chest perineum buttocks
90
bony prominences supine
occipital tuberosity spine of scapula inferior angle of scapula vertebral spinous processes sacrum medial epicondyle of humerus olecranon process posterior calcaneus greater trochanter head of fibula lateral malleolus
91
bony prominences prone
forehead lateral ear tip of acromion sternum anterior superior iliac spine anterior head of humerus clavicle patella ridge of tibia dorsum of foot
92
bony prominences side-lying
lateral ear lateral ribs lateral acromion lateral head of humerus epicondyles of humerus greater trochanter lateral condyles of femur malleolus of tibia and fibula fifth metatarsal
93
bony prominences sitting
ischial tuberosities scapular and vertebral spinous processes sacrum medial epicondyle of humerus olecranon process greater trochanter popliteal fossa posterior calcaneus
94
initial evaluation
history systems review tests and measures diagnosis prognosis treatment plan
95
daily notes
date what provided and billed signature and designation compare to last time
96
progress note
reassessment of status plans for continuation or change change goals if needed
97
discharge
summary status of goal objective measures recommendation of continued care
98
8 minute rule
first unit must be over 8 minutes every unit after adds 14 minutes
99
APTA top 10
limit abbreviations date and sign legibly functional progress at visit if possible identify note type all related communication missed or canceled visits skill and medical necessity discharge planning throughout
100
disability
physical/mental impairment that limits major life activity
101
physical/mental impairment
1 or more body systems affected
102
reasonable accomodation
making modifications to enable disabled to easily perform job
103
undue burden
accommodation that causes employer/owner significant difficulty or expense
104
qualified individual with a disability
person who can perform essential functions with or without benefits of reasonable accommodations
105
covered entity
employer, employment agency, labor organization, state/local government
106
slope and rise ratio
1 inch up and 1 foot over
107
max rise
30 inches up
108
clearance width for hallway
36 inches
109
wheelchair clearance width
48 inches for ambulating person to pass 60 inches for two wheelchairs to pass each other
110
landing dimensions
5 feet in length by width of ramp
111
90 degree turn landing
5 feet by 5 feet leaving the house considered 90 degree turn
112
180 degree turn landing
5 feet by twice ramp width
113
handr
on rise greater than 6 inches 34-38 inches in height
114
edge protection
minimum of 2 inch curb
115
door width
32 inches because can use door frame to pull through
116
windows
36 inches form ground sliding or cranking opening
117
guide to practice first developed
1992
118
common mistakes when documenting the examination
fail to state affected body part fail to state measurable information fail to state type being measured fail to measure unaffected side incomplete data
119
importance of evaluation
reflection of judgement summary of deficits it is viewed by other providers viewed by 3rd party payers
120
during assessment
how impairments relate to functional deficits justify decisions discuss progress discuss inconsistencies
121
prognosis
predicts improvement and time needed
122
4 things to take into account in prognosis
severity living environment goals prior level of function
123
when did PT start?
WW1