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summer 2024 > foundations midterm > Flashcards

foundations midterm Flashcards

1
Q

7 vital signs

A

pain
temp
pulse/HR
O2
BP
respiration rate
walking speed

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2
Q

should PTs take vitals?

A

yes, baseline to see if they are safe to work with.

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3
Q

pain scale

A

0 none
1-2 mild
3-4 mod
5-6 mod
7-8 severe
9-10 severe

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4
Q

temperature

A

normal- 96.8-99.3
average- 98.6
fever- over 100

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5
Q

pulse

A

adult normal- 60-100
child normal- 70-130
newborn normal 100-150

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6
Q

respiration rate

A

adult normal at rest- 12-18 breaths /min
infant normal- 30-50 breaths /min

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7
Q

O2

A

normal- 95-100%

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8
Q

blood pressure

A

normal <120 and <80
elevated 120-129 and <80
hypertension1 130-139 or 80-89
HTN 2 140+ or 90+
HTN 3 180+ and/or 120+

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9
Q

reservoir

A

patient zero

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10
Q

method of exit

A

wound, respiratory tract

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11
Q

method of transmission

A

how does it travel

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12
Q

method of entry

A

how it enters

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13
Q

susceptible host

A

new host

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14
Q

asepsis

A

absence of microorganisms that produce disease

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15
Q

nosocomial

A

originated in hospital

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16
Q

in what order do you don ppe?

A

bottom up

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17
Q

in what order do you doff?

A

alphabetical order

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18
Q

contact precautions

A

gloves and gown

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19
Q

droplet precautions

A

mask, gloves, gown

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20
Q

airborne precautions

A

N-96 mask, gloves, gown, negative airflow in private room

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21
Q

MRSA

A

contact, gloves, gown

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22
Q

VRE

A

contact, gloves, gown

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23
Q

C. diff

A

contact, gloves, gown

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24
Q

scabies

A

contact, gloves, gown

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25
Q

zika virus

A

contact, mask, gown, gloves

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26
Q

mumps

A

droplet, mask, gown, gloves

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27
Q

meningitis

A

droplet, mask, gown, gloves

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28
Q

strep

A

droplet, mask, gown, gloves

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29
Q

measles

A

airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown

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30
Q

TB

A

airborne, mask, gloves, gown

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31
Q

chickenpox

A

airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown

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32
Q

small pox

A

airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown

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33
Q

SARS

A

airborne, negative airflow room, N95 mask, gloves, gown

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34
Q

staph

A

contact

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35
Q

COVID-19

A

droplet

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36
Q

flu

A

droplet

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37
Q

HIPAA

A

health insurance portability and accountability act

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38
Q

what does HIPAA protect?

A

all individual identifiable health information

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39
Q

most common HIPPA violation

A

oral conversations in hallways or elevator

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40
Q

informed consent

A

right of pt to make decisions about their care.
need to know results, recommendations, benefits, costs, risks, alternatives

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41
Q

tell a story

A

about pt
beginning, middle, end
medical necessity to show care provided

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42
Q

medical necessity

A

needed to diagnose or treats
document rationale and purpose

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43
Q

skilled care

A

show that they need PT

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44
Q

tips for documenting

A

accuracy
brevity
clarity
pt centered
legibility

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45
Q

how to write dates

A

mm/dd/yy

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46
Q

what can a pta do?

A

subjective
objective, only if retesting
interventions within POC
future plan within POC

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47
Q

what can a pta not do?

A

initial evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
POC
discharge

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48
Q

define transfer

A

safe movement from one surface to another

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49
Q

dependent or total assist

A

pt performs 0% of work

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50
Q

max assist

A

pt performs 25-49% of work

51
Q

mod assist

A

pt performs 50-74% of work

52
Q

min assist

A

pt performs 75% or more of work

53
Q

contact guard assist

A

PT is making physical contact with pt

54
Q

standby/supervision

A

verbal or tactile cues
instructions given to pt, but no physical contact

55
Q

modified independent

A

independent, but uses adaptive equipment or needs more time

56
Q

independent

A

without any verbal or manual assistance

57
Q

organization of transfers

A

inform pt
demonstration
safety precautions
use of proper equipment/assistance

58
Q

before transfer

A

proper footwear
shortest distance
prep yourself
prep anyone assisting you
review medical chart
interview pt
mentally prepare sequence

59
Q

determining appropriate transfer

A

evaluation
medical information available
information from pt
goals

60
Q

transfer equipment

A

transfer board
lift
electric hoist
bed rail
over bed or trapeze bar

61
Q

during transfer

A

one step commands
encourage maximum participation
proper body mechanics
safe and efficient transfer

62
Q

while performing transfer

A

lock wheels
be alert to devices that may interfere
gait belt
stabilize pt’s knees, pelvis, upper thorax
remain close and guard pt properly
proper body mechanics
concise statements while guiding

63
Q

bed transfers

A

side to side
upward
downward

64
Q

which side should you roll pt onto

A

roll onto strong side

65
Q

how to document transfers

A

location to location
position to position

66
Q

other types of transfers

A

stand pivot
squat pivot
sideboard
mechanical lift

67
Q

special precautions for total hip

A

surgical side should not be adducted, rotated or flexed over 90 degrees
do not cross ankles or pull on surgical extremity
do not allow pt to lie on surgical extremity
maintain surgical extremity in abduction
pt should sit semi-reclined

68
Q

low back trauma or discomfort

A

avoid excessive rotation
avoid trunk bending and flexion
may have less discomfort if logroll
may be more comfortable with hips and knees partially flexed with pillow under or between knees in supine or side-lying

69
Q

spinal cord injury

A

avoid distracting and rotational forces
do not pull on lower extremities
logroll when turning
protective positioning
be aware of syncope

70
Q

burns

A

avoid shear force over burn and graft site
elevate body to avoid shear forces

71
Q

hemiplegia

A

avoid pulling involved extremities
many pts experience discomfort when lie on involved shoulder

72
Q

COG

A

center of gravity

73
Q

BOS

A

base of support

74
Q

VGL

A

vertical gravity line

75
Q

lumbar lordosis

A

natural curve at wasit line

76
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

increase inter thoracic pressure
hold breath while bearing down

77
Q

plumb line

A

ear
shoulder
hip (greater trochanter)
knee
ankle (lateral malleolus)

78
Q

ideal sitting posture

A

arms parallel
top of screen at eye level
soles flat

79
Q

rules of lifting

A

load close
maintain blance
shorten lever arm to decrease torque
no twisting
larger and stringer muscles
push, pull, roll, slide object

80
Q

deep squat

A

wide BOS, low COG
hips below knees

81
Q

power lift

A

1/2 squat
hips above knees

82
Q

straight leg

A

knees slightly flexed

83
Q

golfer’s

A

balance support with opposite UE

84
Q

pushing and pulling

A

crouching or semi squat position

85
Q

reaching and carrying

A

COG close to yours

86
Q

positioning for prevention

A

soft-tissue injury
joint contracture
nerve injury
infection
pt comfort

87
Q

precautions for positioning

A

avoid folds and wrinkles in fabric
observe skin color
protect bony prominences
extremities within support surface
lacking normal circulation or sensation
surgeries or injuries

88
Q

3 reasons to drape

A

modesty
temperature control
protect skin or clothing

89
Q

3 to always drape

A

chest
perineum
buttocks

90
Q

bony prominences supine

A

occipital tuberosity
spine of scapula
inferior angle of scapula
vertebral spinous processes
sacrum
medial epicondyle of humerus
olecranon process
posterior calcaneus
greater trochanter
head of fibula
lateral malleolus

91
Q

bony prominences prone

A

forehead
lateral ear
tip of acromion
sternum
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior head of humerus
clavicle
patella
ridge of tibia
dorsum of foot

92
Q

bony prominences side-lying

A

lateral ear
lateral ribs
lateral acromion
lateral head of humerus
epicondyles of humerus
greater trochanter
lateral condyles of femur
malleolus of tibia and fibula
fifth metatarsal

93
Q

bony prominences sitting

A

ischial tuberosities
scapular and vertebral spinous processes
sacrum
medial epicondyle of humerus
olecranon process
greater trochanter
popliteal fossa
posterior calcaneus

94
Q

initial evaluation

A

history
systems review
tests and measures
diagnosis
prognosis
treatment plan

95
Q

daily notes

A

date
what provided and billed
signature and designation
compare to last time

96
Q

progress note

A

reassessment of status
plans for continuation or change
change goals if needed

97
Q

discharge

A

summary
status of goal
objective measures
recommendation of continued care

98
Q

8 minute rule

A

first unit must be over 8 minutes
every unit after adds 14 minutes

99
Q

APTA top 10

A

limit abbreviations
date and sign
legibly
functional progress
at visit if possible
identify note type
all related communication
missed or canceled visits
skill and medical necessity
discharge planning throughout

100
Q

disability

A

physical/mental impairment that limits major life activity

101
Q

physical/mental impairment

A

1 or more body systems affected

102
Q

reasonable accomodation

A

making modifications to enable disabled to easily perform job

103
Q

undue burden

A

accommodation that causes employer/owner significant difficulty or expense

104
Q

qualified individual with a disability

A

person who can perform essential functions with or without benefits of reasonable accommodations

105
Q

covered entity

A

employer, employment agency, labor organization, state/local government

106
Q

slope and rise ratio

A

1 inch up and 1 foot over

107
Q

max rise

A

30 inches up

108
Q

clearance width for hallway

A

36 inches

109
Q

wheelchair clearance width

A

48 inches for ambulating person to pass
60 inches for two wheelchairs to pass each other

110
Q

landing dimensions

A

5 feet in length by width of ramp

111
Q

90 degree turn landing

A

5 feet by 5 feet
leaving the house considered 90 degree turn

112
Q

180 degree turn landing

A

5 feet by twice ramp width

113
Q

handr

A

on rise greater than 6 inches
34-38 inches in height

114
Q

edge protection

A

minimum of 2 inch curb

115
Q

door width

A

32 inches because can use door frame to pull through

116
Q

windows

A

36 inches form ground
sliding or cranking opening

117
Q

guide to practice first developed

A

1992

118
Q

common mistakes when documenting the examination

A

fail to state affected body part
fail to state measurable information
fail to state type being measured
fail to measure unaffected side
incomplete data

119
Q

importance of evaluation

A

reflection of judgement
summary of deficits
it is viewed by other providers
viewed by 3rd party payers

120
Q

during assessment

A

how impairments relate to functional deficits
justify decisions
discuss progress
discuss inconsistencies

121
Q

prognosis

A

predicts improvement and time needed

122
Q

4 things to take into account in prognosis

A

severity
living environment
goals
prior level of function

123
Q

when did PT start?

A

WW1

summer 2024 (9 decks)

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