Venous Drainage of the Head and Neck Region Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the scalp
- Anterior: Superior orbital margin
- Posterior: Occipital bone
- Laterally: Zygomatic arch on each side
What does SCALP stand for
- S Skin
- C Connective tissue
- A Apponeurosis
- L Loose areolar tissue
- P Pericranium
Describe the layers of the scalp from skin down
Skin Connective tissues Epicranial Aponeurosis Pericranium Bone of skull
What are the characteristics of the connective tissue layer of the scalp
- Close network of fibro-fatty tissue
- Connects the overlying skin with the under lying aponeurosis
- Contains large blood vessels
- Contains nerves
What can happen if you injure the connective tissue layer of the scalp
- Vessels unable to retract -> Profuse bleeding
* Haematoma formation -> pain
Describe the characteristics of the aponeurosis layer of the scalp
- Epicraneous muscle and apponeurosis: Occipito-frontalis muscle
- Tightly attached to the overlying Connective tissue layer.
- Loose subaponeurotic layer
What is the line that separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone
lambdoid suture
What is the epicranial aponeurosis also known as
The galea aponeurotic
Whats the origin and insertion point of the occipital muscle
Origin - superior nuchal line
Insertion - galea aponeurotica
Whats the origin and insertion points of the frontal muscle
origin - muscles over the bridge of the nose
insertion - galea aponeurotica
Whatre the characteristics of the pericranium
Periosteum of the skull
Continuous with endosteum at the sutures
What are the 3 meninges of the brain
- Cerebral dural mater
- Cerebral arachnoid mater
- Cerebral pia mater
Describe the feature of the cerebral dura mater
- A thick and dense inelastic membrane that composed of two layers, an inner or meningeal and outer or endosteal
- It is in loose contact with calvaria, and most strongly adherent to base of skull
What structures does the dura mater form
- Falx cerebri
- Tentorium of cerebellum - in front there is a gap, the tentorial incisure, for passage of midbrain
- Falx cerebelli
- Diaphragma sellae
Describe the falx cerebri
Sickle shaped, between cerebral hemispheres.
Ant. = attached to crest galli of ethmoid
Post. = blends into tentorium cerebelli
Describe the falx cerebelli
Smaller between cerebellar hemispheres along post. wall of post. cranial fossa
Describe the tentorium cerebelli
Forms the roof of the post. cranial fossa
What is the tentorial notch
Opening for the brainstem in the tentorium cerebelli
Describe the diaphragma sella
folds over the sella turcica
Point out the superior sagittal, inferior sagittal and straight sinuses
sup sag - outside
inf sag - inner
straight connects both