Venous Drainage of the Head and Neck Region Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are the boundaries of the scalp

A
  • Anterior: Superior orbital margin
  • Posterior: Occipital bone
  • Laterally: Zygomatic arch on each side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does SCALP stand for

A
  • S Skin
  • C Connective tissue
  • A Apponeurosis
  • L Loose areolar tissue
  • P Pericranium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the layers of the scalp from skin down

A
Skin
Connective tissues
Epicranial Aponeurosis
Pericranium
Bone of skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of the connective tissue layer of the scalp

A
  • Close network of fibro-fatty tissue
  • Connects the overlying skin with the under lying aponeurosis
  • Contains large blood vessels
  • Contains nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can happen if you injure the connective tissue layer of the scalp

A
  • Vessels unable to retract -> Profuse bleeding

* Haematoma formation -> pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the characteristics of the aponeurosis layer of the scalp

A
  • Epicraneous muscle and apponeurosis: Occipito-frontalis muscle
  • Tightly attached to the overlying Connective tissue layer.
  • Loose subaponeurotic layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the line that separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone

A

lambdoid suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the epicranial aponeurosis also known as

A

The galea aponeurotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats the origin and insertion point of the occipital muscle

A

Origin - superior nuchal line

Insertion - galea aponeurotica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats the origin and insertion points of the frontal muscle

A

origin - muscles over the bridge of the nose

insertion - galea aponeurotica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whatre the characteristics of the pericranium

A

Periosteum of the skull

Continuous with endosteum at the sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the brain

A
  • Cerebral dural mater
  • Cerebral arachnoid mater
  • Cerebral pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the feature of the cerebral dura mater

A
  • A thick and dense inelastic membrane that composed of two layers, an inner or meningeal and outer or endosteal
  • It is in loose contact with calvaria, and most strongly adherent to base of skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What structures does the dura mater form

A
  • Falx cerebri
  • Tentorium of cerebellum - in front there is a gap, the tentorial incisure, for passage of midbrain
  • Falx cerebelli
  • Diaphragma sellae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the falx cerebri

A

Sickle shaped, between cerebral hemispheres.
Ant. = attached to crest galli of ethmoid
Post. = blends into tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the falx cerebelli

A

Smaller between cerebellar hemispheres along post. wall of post. cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the tentorium cerebelli

A

Forms the roof of the post. cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tentorial notch

A

Opening for the brainstem in the tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the diaphragma sella

A

folds over the sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Point out the superior sagittal, inferior sagittal and straight sinuses

A

sup sag - outside
inf sag - inner
straight connects both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Point out the transverse and sigmoid sinuses

A

transverse round back of post cranial fossa

sigmoid connected to transverse and leads forward

22
Q

Where are the cavernous sinuses

A

Middle cranial fossa one side of sphenoid bone in each side of sella turcica

23
Q

where are the sup and inf petrosal sinuses

A

on petrous part of temporal bone

24
Q

What nerves lie in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

A

oculomotor, trochlear and the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve

25
Q

What runs through the cavernous sinus

A

internal carotid artery and abducent nerve

26
Q

Where does venous drainage from the H+N and brain terminate

A

The internal jugular vein

27
Q

Describe the course of the internal jugular vein

A
  • Jugular Foramen
  • Carotid sheath
  • Joins Subclavian Vein
  • Brachiocephalic vein
  • Superior Vena Cava
28
Q

Describe the formation of the facial vein

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins join to form facial

29
Q

Describe the course of the facial vein as it descends

A

it joins the :
– Deep Facial vein
– Pterygoid Plexus
– Retromandibular vein

30
Q

How is the retromandibular vein formed

A

Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein join

31
Q

Describe the course of the retromandibular vein

A

• Passes through Parotid Gland
• Two divisions exit:
– Anterior: Joins Facial Vein
– Posterior: Post. Auricular Vein -> EJV

32
Q

Where does the maxillary vein originate

A

The pterygoid plexus

33
Q

Describe the course of the maxillary vein

A

From pterygoid plexus through the sphenomandibular ligament. joins with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein

34
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

A
    1. Draining excess interstitial fluid
    1. Carrying out immune response:
    1. Transporting dietary lipids & lipid soluble vitamins: A , D, E, & K
35
Q

Name the regional groups of lymph nodes at the post. part of the head

A

occipital & mastoid

36
Q

Name the regional groups of lymph nodes at the ant. part of the head

A

parotid & buccal

37
Q

Name the regional groups of lymph nodes beneath the mandible

A

submental & submandibular

38
Q

Name the regional groups of lymph nodes along the superficial jugular veins

A

ant. Cerv. & superficial cerv.

39
Q

Name the regional groups of lymph nodes that are deep and related with organs

A

retropharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal

40
Q

Where are the occipital lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Over occipital bone at the apex of occipital protuberence 
• Afferent V.:
– back of SCALP 
• Efferent V.:
– Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
41
Q

Where are the mastoid lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Over lat. surface of mastoid process
• Afferent V.:
– SCALP above auricle 
– post. Med. Auricle 
– post. Wall of EAM
• Efferent V.:
– Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
42
Q

Where are the parotid lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
On or in the parotid gland
• Afferent V.:
– SCALP above parotid 
– lat. surface of auricle 
– ant. wall of EAM
– lat. eyelids
– middle ear
• Efferent V.: 
– DCLN
43
Q

Where are the buccal lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Over buccinator m.
Close to facial vein. 
• Afferent V.:
– ant. SCALP & forehead
– ant. part of face nose
• Efferent V.:
– Submandibular LN
44
Q

Where are the submandibular lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Superficial to submandibular salivary gland
• Afferent V.: 
– buccal L.N.
– Upper lip
– lat. Lower lip
– frontal, max. & ethmoidal air sinuses
– upper & lower teeth, Except?
– gingiva, Except?
– Floor of mouth
• Efferent V.: ??
45
Q

Where are the submental lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
• Afferent V.:
– tip of tongue
– lower incisors & associated gums
– central lower lip
• Efferent V.:
– submandibular L.N.
46
Q

Where are the anterior cervical lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Along the course of anterior jugular veins
Afferent V.:
ant. neck
Efferent V.:
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
47
Q

Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes and its afferent and efferent vessels

A
Afferent V.:
• angle of mandible
• lobule of auricle
Efferent V.:
• Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
48
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found

A

Chain of lymph nodes along the internal jugular vein mainly on lateral aspect.
extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck, its part of the carotid sheath

49
Q

Describe the fookin afferent and efferent vessels of the DCLN

A

afferent v. - receives lymph from all lymphatic structures in the head and neck
efferent v. - join to form the jugular lymph trunk –> right lymphatic duct/thoracic duct –> venous system

50
Q

What are the clinically important nodes

A

Jugulodigastric and juguloomohyoid