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Oral Biology (H+N) > Muscles of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the frontalis muscle

A

Origin - located at the galea aponeurotica

Insertion - Located at the skin near the eyebrows and root of the nose.

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2
Q

What is the action of the frontalis muscle

A

Raising the eyebrows = wrinkles in the forehead

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3
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the occipitals muscle

A
  • Origin: Located at the occipital bone.

* Insertion: Located at the galea aponeurotica.

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4
Q

What is the action of the occipitals muscle

A

Draws the scalp backwards

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5
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the temporals muscle

A

• ORIGIN Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line
• INSERTION
Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible

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6
Q

What is the action of the temporalis muscle

A

elevates mandible

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion points of the auricularis muscles

A

• ORIGIN
Galeal aponeurosis
• INSERTION
• Cartilage of auricle

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8
Q

What is the action of the auricularis muscle

A

adjusts position of the ear

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the orbicularis oculi

A 
ORIGIN
Medial orbital margin
and lacrimal sac
INSERTION 
Lid of the eye
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10
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi

A

Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the orbicularis oris

A

ORIGIN
Anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and at angle of mouth
INSERTION
Margin of lips

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12
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris

A

Narrows the orifice of the mouth and purses lips

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the master muscle

A

ORIGIN
Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla
INSERTION
Lateral surface of angle and lower ramus of mandible

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14
Q

What is the action of the master muscle

A

Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth) the chewing muscle

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the masseter muscle

A

Superficial, middle and deep layers, each got different fibre orientations to help chewing

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the buccinator

A

ORIGIN
alveolar portion of the maxilla and mandible
INSERTION
into orbicularis muscle of the mouth

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17
Q

What is the action of the buccinator muscle

A

flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth. Also called cheek muscle.

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the zygomaticus major

A

ORIGIN
Frontal process of maxilla
INSERTION
Angle of mouth

19
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus major

A

Lifts angle of mouth superiorly and laterally

20
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the zygomaticus minor

A

ORIGIN
Lateral infra-orbital margin
INSERTION
Skin and muscle of upper lip

21
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus major

A

It acts to draw the skin of the lip between the philtrum and the lip corner obliquely upwards and laterally

22
Q

What nerve innervates the three major muscles that anchor and move the tongue

A

the hypoglossal nerve

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the genioglossus

A

ORIGIN
Superior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis menti
INSERTION
Central mass of tongue and mucous membrane

24
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus

A

protracts tongue

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the hyoglossus

A

ORIGIN
Superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone INSERTION
Lateral sides of tongue

26
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus

A

depresses tongue

27
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of the styloglossus

A

ORIGIN
Anterior surface and apex of styloid process and upper quarter of stylohyoid ligament
INSERTION
Superolateral sides of tongue

28
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus

A

Retracts and elevates tongue, aids initiation of swallowing

29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hyoid bone

A

greater cornu
lesser cornu
body

30
Q

What is the mandibular symphysis

A

bone below the lower incisors and all

31
Q

Name the muscles of the supra hyoid

A

Digastric,stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

32
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do

A

– Form the floor of the oral cavity
– Anchor the tongue
– Elevate the hyoid
– Move the larynx superiorly during swallowing

33
Q

Name the infra hyoid muscles

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

34
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do

A

• Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking

35
Q

What muscle is the geniohyoid deep to

A

the mylohyoid

36
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of the platysma

A

ORIGIN
Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest
INSERTION
Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth

37
Q

What is the action of the platysma

A

Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible

38
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of the sternocleidomastoid

A

ORIGIN
Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
INSERTION
mastoid process

39
Q

What nerve innervates the platysma and sternocleidomastoid

A

platysma = facial

other one = spinal accessory and C2 and C3

40
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

– Anterior - sternocleidomastoid
– Posterior - trapezius
– Inferior – clavicle

41
Q

What nerves, arteries and veins are in the posterior triangle of the neck

A

– Nerves: accessory nerve, cranial plexus, phrenic nerve, brachial plexus
– Artery: Subclavian
– Vein: External jugular

42
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

– Anterior - midline
– Posterior - sternocleidomastoid
– Superior – inferior margin of the mandible

43
Q

What are the glands, muscles, arteries, veins and nerves of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

– Glands: Submandibular
– Muscles: Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
– Nerve: Acccessory
Artery - carotid
Vein - internal jugular, external jugular

Oral Biology (H+N) (14 decks)

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