Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards
What is the origin and insertion point of the frontalis muscle
Origin - located at the galea aponeurotica
Insertion - Located at the skin near the eyebrows and root of the nose.
What is the action of the frontalis muscle
Raising the eyebrows = wrinkles in the forehead
What is the origin and insertion point of the occipitals muscle
- Origin: Located at the occipital bone.
* Insertion: Located at the galea aponeurotica.
What is the action of the occipitals muscle
Draws the scalp backwards
What is the origin and insertion point of the temporals muscle
• ORIGIN Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line
• INSERTION
Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible
What is the action of the temporalis muscle
elevates mandible
What is the origin and insertion points of the auricularis muscles
• ORIGIN
Galeal aponeurosis
• INSERTION
• Cartilage of auricle
What is the action of the auricularis muscle
adjusts position of the ear
What is the origin and insertion point of the orbicularis oculi
ORIGIN Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac INSERTION Lid of the eye
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi
Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears
What is the origin and insertion point of the orbicularis oris
ORIGIN
Anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and at angle of mouth
INSERTION
Margin of lips
What is the action of the orbicularis oris
Narrows the orifice of the mouth and purses lips
What is the origin and insertion of the master muscle
ORIGIN
Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla
INSERTION
Lateral surface of angle and lower ramus of mandible
What is the action of the master muscle
Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth) the chewing muscle
What are the 3 layers of the masseter muscle
Superficial, middle and deep layers, each got different fibre orientations to help chewing
What is the origin and insertion point of the buccinator
ORIGIN
alveolar portion of the maxilla and mandible
INSERTION
into orbicularis muscle of the mouth
What is the action of the buccinator muscle
flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth. Also called cheek muscle.
What is the origin and insertion of the zygomaticus major
ORIGIN
Frontal process of maxilla
INSERTION
Angle of mouth
What is the action of the zygomaticus major
Lifts angle of mouth superiorly and laterally
What is the origin and insertion point of the zygomaticus minor
ORIGIN
Lateral infra-orbital margin
INSERTION
Skin and muscle of upper lip
What is the action of the zygomaticus major
It acts to draw the skin of the lip between the philtrum and the lip corner obliquely upwards and laterally
What nerve innervates the three major muscles that anchor and move the tongue
the hypoglossal nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the genioglossus
ORIGIN
Superior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis menti
INSERTION
Central mass of tongue and mucous membrane
What is the action of the genioglossus
protracts tongue
What is the origin and insertion point of the hyoglossus
ORIGIN
Superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone INSERTION
Lateral sides of tongue
What is the action of the hyoglossus
depresses tongue
What are the origin and insertion points of the styloglossus
ORIGIN
Anterior surface and apex of styloid process and upper quarter of stylohyoid ligament
INSERTION
Superolateral sides of tongue
What is the action of the styloglossus
Retracts and elevates tongue, aids initiation of swallowing
What are the 3 parts of the hyoid bone
greater cornu
lesser cornu
body
What is the mandibular symphysis
bone below the lower incisors and all
Name the muscles of the supra hyoid
Digastric,stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
What do the suprahyoid muscles do
– Form the floor of the oral cavity
– Anchor the tongue
– Elevate the hyoid
– Move the larynx superiorly during swallowing
Name the infra hyoid muscles
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
What do the infrahyoid muscles do
• Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking
What muscle is the geniohyoid deep to
the mylohyoid
What are the origin and insertion points of the platysma
ORIGIN
Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest
INSERTION
Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth
What is the action of the platysma
Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible
What are the origin and insertion points of the sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN
Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
INSERTION
mastoid process
What nerve innervates the platysma and sternocleidomastoid
platysma = facial
other one = spinal accessory and C2 and C3
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck
– Anterior - sternocleidomastoid
– Posterior - trapezius
– Inferior – clavicle
What nerves, arteries and veins are in the posterior triangle of the neck
– Nerves: accessory nerve, cranial plexus, phrenic nerve, brachial plexus
– Artery: Subclavian
– Vein: External jugular
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck
– Anterior - midline
– Posterior - sternocleidomastoid
– Superior – inferior margin of the mandible
What are the glands, muscles, arteries, veins and nerves of the anterior triangle of the neck
– Glands: Submandibular
– Muscles: Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
– Nerve: Acccessory
Artery - carotid
Vein - internal jugular, external jugular
