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Oral Biology (H+N) > Larynx and Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Larynx and Thyroid Gland Flashcards

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1
Q

What vertebrae does the larynx extend from

A

from the 4th, 5th and 6th vertebra

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2
Q

What is the larynx attached to superiorly and inferiorly

A
  • Superiorly it is attached to Hyoid Bone and opens into the laryngopharynx
  • Inferiorly it is continuous with trachea.
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3
Q

What are the functions of the larynx

A
  1. Provides a patent airway
  2. Routes air and food into proper channels
  3. Voice production
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4
Q

Name the cartilages of the larynx

A

– Hyaline cartilage except for the epiglottis
– Thyroid cartilage with laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
– Ring-shaped cricoid cartilage
– Paired arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate
cartilages

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5
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is the largest

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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6
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage and what structure it forms in the larynx

A

2 rectangular lamina fuses in the midline (thyroid notch)

Forms the adam’s apple

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7
Q

What is the strongest cartilage of the larynx

A

Cricoid

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8
Q

Describe the location of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx

A

Immediately below the thyroid cartilage.

Joins the first tracheal ring inferiorly.

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9
Q

Describe the shape of the cricoid cartilage

A

Ring shaped - only laryngeal cartilage to completely encircle airway

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10
Q

What structure articulates the arytenoid cartilage with the cricoid cartilage

A

The cricoarytenoid joint

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11
Q

Which cartilage has processes for the attachment of vocal cords

A

Arytenoid

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12
Q

Which laryngeal cartilages are probs for structural support

A

Cuneiform and Corniculate

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13
Q

Describe the shape of the epiglottis and state its function

A 
Leaf shaped (fibrocartilage)
Prevents aspiration during swallowing
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14
Q

What is a cricothyrotomy

A

An incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body, angioedema, or massive facial trauma.

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15
Q

Describe the features of the Thyroid gland

A

Largest Endocrine gland
Lobes are cone shaped (pear shaped)
Highly vascular

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16
Q

What are the functions of the thyroid gland

A
  1. Produce thyroid hormones (TH)
    - Vital for growth & metabolism
  2. Iodine storage
    - Essential for T3/T4 syntheses
17
Q

What are the functions of the T3/T4 hormones

A

Increased metabolic rate
Increased protein synthesis
Increased energy production
Most important hormone in regulation of metabolic rate

18
Q

What stimulates the release of T3/T4 from the thyroid gland

A

Decreased metabolic rate

19
Q

What are the functions of the thyroid hormone calcitonin

A

Decreased blood calcium concentration
Decrease in the reabsorption of Ca and Ph from bones to blood
Calcitonin “tones” down serum Ca levels

20
Q

What stimulates calcitonin release

A

Increased blood Ca levels

21
Q

What are the general effects of the thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system

A
  • Increase heart rate
  • Increase force of cardiac contractions
  • Increase Cardiac output
22
Q

What is the general effect of the thyroid hormones on oxygen carrying capacity

A

• Increase oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin

23
Q

What is the general effect of the thyroid hormones on the intermediary metabolism

A
  • Increase glucose absorption from the GI tract

* Increase carbohydrate, lipid and protein turnover

24
Q

What are the general effects of the thyroid hormones on the nervous system

A
  • Critical for normal CNS neuronal development
  • Enhances wakefulness and alertness
  • Enhances memory and learning capacity
  • Required for normal emotional tone
25
Q

Describe the location of the thyroid gland

A

anterior and lateral to the larynx and trachea. base is located at the 4th/5th tracheal cartilages

26
Q

What are the lobes of the thyroid gland connected by

A

An isthmus that crosses tracheal cartilages 2-4

27
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there

A

Usually four on the thyroid glands, two on each side

28
Q

Where on the thyroid gland can parathyroid glands be found

A

posterior surface, can be embedded the thyroid gland

29
Q

What is the role of the parathyroid glands

A

regulate calcium/phosphate levels

30
Q

Where are the lobes of the thyroid gland attached

A
  1. Attached to cricoid cartilage by ligaments

2. Medial surface adapted to larynx and trachea

31
Q

What supplies blood to the thyroid gland

A
  1. Highly vascular gland supplied by four large arteries a. R & L inferior thyroid artery
    b. R & L superior thyroid artery

Oral Biology (H+N) (14 decks)

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