Salivary Glands Flashcards
Name the functions of saliva
Protection Buffering Digestion Antimicrobial Maintenance of tooth integrity Taste
How does the saliva act as protection
– lubricant (glycoprotein)
– washing non-adherent and acellular debris
– formation of salivary pellicle
• calcium-binding proteins: tooth protection;
How does saliva act as a buffer
(phosphate ions and bicarbonate)
– bacteria require specific pH conditions
– plaque microorganisms produce acids from sugars
How does saliva help digestion
– neutralizes esophageal contents
– forms food bolus
– breaks starch
How does saliva act as an antimicrobial
– lysozyme hydrolyzes cell walls of some bacteria
– lactoferrin binds free iron and deprives bacteria of this essential element
– IgA agglutinates microorganisms
How does saliva maintain tooth integrity
– calcium and phosphate ions
• ionic exchange with tooth surface
How does saliva aid taste
– solubilizing of food substances that can be sensed
by receptors
– trophic effect on receptors
Name as many factors that affect salivary production as you can
- Local diseases
- Systemic diseases
- Medications
- Head and neck radiation
- Chemotherapy
Name the 3 salivary glands
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
What shape does the parotid gland have
Triangular/Pyramidal
What is superior and anterior to the parotid gland
- Superior—lie the external auditory meatus and temporomandibular joint.
- Anteriorly—it overflows the mandible with the overlying masseter.
What is inferior and medial to the parotid gland
- Inferior—it overflows the posterior belly of digastric
- Medially —lies the styloid process and its muscles separating the parotid from the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery
What are the capsules surrounding the parotid gland
parotid capsule/sheath
– the first is C.T. capsule,
– the second is the dense fascial capsule of investing layer of deep cervical fascia
What is the stensen’s duct and describe its length and route
This is the 5cm duct that brings saliva from the parotid gland to the oral cavity
• Appears in the anterior border of the gland
• Runs anteriorly and downwards on the masseter
• Pierces buccinator
Where does the parotid/stensens duct open in the oral cavity
opposite the maxillary 2nd molar
What are the structures coursing within the parotid gland, starting from most superficial to most deep if you can
Facial Nerve
Retromandibular vein
External Carotid Artery
Auriculotemporal Nerve
What supplies blood to the parotid gland
Branches of the external carotid artery
What allows venous drainage in the parotid gland
Retromandibular vein
What allows lymph drainage in the parotid gland
Lymph nodes within parotid sheath –> Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
Describe the shape of the submandibular gland
- Large superficial part
* Small deep part
Where does the superficial part of the submandibular gland lie
– lies in digastric triangle between mylohyoid muscle & body of mandible
Where does the deep part of the submandibular gland lie
– Superficial to hyoglossus
What are the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral boundaries of the superficial part of the submandibular gland
- Anteriorly : anterior belly of digastric
- Posteriorly : posterior belly of digastric + stylohyoid muscle.
- Medially : Mylohyoid
- Laterally: it lies in contact with submandibular fossa on medial surface of mandible.
What are the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral boundaries of the deep part of the submandibular gland
– Medially : hyoglossus & styloglossus.
– Laterally : mylohyoid & superficial part of gland.
– Superiorly : lingual nerve & submandibular ganglion.
– Inferiorly : hypoglossal nerve
What duct delivers saliva from the submandibular to the oral cavity and how long is it
Whartons Duct 5cm.
Describe the route of the Wharton’s duct
- Emerges at the anterior end of deep part of the gland
- Runs forwards on hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscle
- It is crossed by ligual nerve and then opens in the floor of mouth at the side of frenulum of tongue
What supplies blood to the submandibular gland
Facial Artery
What allows venous drainage in the submandibular gland
Facial Vein
What allows lymph drainage in the submandibular gland
Submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes
What is the smallest of the 3 main salivary glands
Sublingual
Describe the location of the sublingual gland
Lies beneath the oral mucosa in contact with the sublingual fossa on lingual aspect of mandible.
What brings saliva from the sublingual gland to the oral cavity
Ducts of the Rivinus
8-20 ducts
Where do the ducts of rivinus open into
- Most of them open directly into the floor of mouth
* Few of them join the submandibular duct
What supplies blood to the sublingual gland
Sublingual and Submental arteries
What allows for venous drainage in the sublingual gland
Sublingual and Submental Veins
What allows for lymph drainage in the sublingual gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
What is a sialadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary gland
What can infection do to the submandibular duct
Obstruct it
What is xerostemia and what can it cause
This is a very dry mouth that can lead to excessive caries and dry fissured tongue
What is the name of the posterior 1/3 and anterior 1/3 of the tongue
posterior 1/3 = root
anterior 2/3 = body
Point out the sulcus terminals, foramen cecum (thyroglossal duct), papillae and lymph nodules on the tongue
lymph nodules are the bumps in the root
foramen cecum is in the middle just behind the body
sulcus terminalis is surrounding the foramen cecum
What are the 4 types of tongue papillae and where on the tongue are they found
Filiform on main body
Fungiform on the tip of the tongue
Foliate on the lateral edges of the tongue
Vallate is just in front of the lymph nodes
Describe as many features and functions of the filiform papillae as you can
- Most numerous papillae
- tiny pointed parakeratinised projections
- pinkish gray colour
- aid in food handling
- contain touch sensory nerve endings
- No taste function
Describe as many features and functions of the fungiform papillae as you can
- Tiny, globular and raised red spots
- scattered among filiform papillae
- contains taste buds and temp receptors
Describe as many features and functions of the foliate papillae as you can
- found on lateral margins of tongue
- forms 4/3 short vertical folds (folia lingual)
- very few taste buds
Describe as many features and functions of the Vallate papillae as you can
- circular and large
- 12-13 of them in a V shaped row
- each surrounded by a circular depression
- large number of taste buds
- contains von ebner minor salivary glands in the bottom
Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Which tongue muscles cause protrusion
Genioglossus
Which tongue muscles cause depression
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Which tongue muscles cause retraction
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Which tongue muscles cause retraction and elevation
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
What innervates the motor functions the tongue
All muscles = Hypoglossal
Except palatoglossus = pharyngeal plexus
What innervates the sensory sensations of the tongue
Taste sensation = ant. 2/3 by facial nerve via chordae tympani nerve
Post. 1/3 including vallate papillae by glossopharyngeal nerve
What are the lymphatics of the tip of the tongue, anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
Tip = submental lymph nodes Anterior = submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes Posterior = deep cervical lymph nodes
What is Hairy tongue
Epithelia of filiform papillae can grow long, trapping food and oral bacteria, causing malodour
What is glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue. If epithelia are lost, tongue becomes very smooth and painful
Which papillae can initiate oral cancer but what may hide the cancer?
Foliate papillae
Hidden due to location and folds of tissue
