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Oral Biology (H+N) > Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the functions of saliva

A 
Protection
Buffering
Digestion
Antimicrobial
Maintenance of tooth integrity
Taste
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2
Q

How does the saliva act as protection

A

– lubricant (glycoprotein)
– washing non-adherent and acellular debris
– formation of salivary pellicle
• calcium-binding proteins: tooth protection;

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3
Q

How does saliva act as a buffer

A

(phosphate ions and bicarbonate)
– bacteria require specific pH conditions
– plaque microorganisms produce acids from sugars

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4
Q

How does saliva help digestion

A

– neutralizes esophageal contents
– forms food bolus
– breaks starch

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5
Q

How does saliva act as an antimicrobial

A

– lysozyme hydrolyzes cell walls of some bacteria
– lactoferrin binds free iron and deprives bacteria of this essential element
– IgA agglutinates microorganisms

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6
Q

How does saliva maintain tooth integrity

A

– calcium and phosphate ions

• ionic exchange with tooth surface

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7
Q

How does saliva aid taste

A

– solubilizing of food substances that can be sensed
by receptors
– trophic effect on receptors

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8
Q

Name as many factors that affect salivary production as you can

A
  • Local diseases
  • Systemic diseases
  • Medications
  • Head and neck radiation
  • Chemotherapy
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9
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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10
Q

What shape does the parotid gland have

A

Triangular/Pyramidal

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11
Q

What is superior and anterior to the parotid gland

A
  • Superior—lie the external auditory meatus and temporomandibular joint.
  • Anteriorly—it overflows the mandible with the overlying masseter.
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12
Q

What is inferior and medial to the parotid gland

A
  • Inferior—it overflows the posterior belly of digastric
  • Medially —lies the styloid process and its muscles separating the parotid from the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery
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13
Q

What are the capsules surrounding the parotid gland

parotid capsule/sheath

A

– the first is C.T. capsule,

– the second is the dense fascial capsule of investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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14
Q

What is the stensen’s duct and describe its length and route

A

This is the 5cm duct that brings saliva from the parotid gland to the oral cavity
• Appears in the anterior border of the gland
• Runs anteriorly and downwards on the masseter
• Pierces buccinator

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15
Q

Where does the parotid/stensens duct open in the oral cavity

A

opposite the maxillary 2nd molar

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16
Q

What are the structures coursing within the parotid gland, starting from most superficial to most deep if you can

A

Facial Nerve
Retromandibular vein
External Carotid Artery
Auriculotemporal Nerve

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17
Q

What supplies blood to the parotid gland

A

Branches of the external carotid artery

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18
Q

What allows venous drainage in the parotid gland

A

Retromandibular vein

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19
Q

What allows lymph drainage in the parotid gland

A

Lymph nodes within parotid sheath –> Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

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20
Q

Describe the shape of the submandibular gland

A
  • Large superficial part

* Small deep part

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21
Q

Where does the superficial part of the submandibular gland lie

A

– lies in digastric triangle between mylohyoid muscle & body of mandible

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22
Q

Where does the deep part of the submandibular gland lie

A

– Superficial to hyoglossus

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23
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral boundaries of the superficial part of the submandibular gland

A
  • Anteriorly : anterior belly of digastric
  • Posteriorly : posterior belly of digastric + stylohyoid muscle.
  • Medially : Mylohyoid
  • Laterally: it lies in contact with submandibular fossa on medial surface of mandible.
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24
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral boundaries of the deep part of the submandibular gland

A

– Medially : hyoglossus & styloglossus.
– Laterally : mylohyoid & superficial part of gland.
– Superiorly : lingual nerve & submandibular ganglion.
– Inferiorly : hypoglossal nerve

25
Q

What duct delivers saliva from the submandibular to the oral cavity and how long is it

A

Whartons Duct 5cm.

26
Q

Describe the route of the Wharton’s duct

A
  • Emerges at the anterior end of deep part of the gland
  • Runs forwards on hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscle
  • It is crossed by ligual nerve and then opens in the floor of mouth at the side of frenulum of tongue
27
Q

What supplies blood to the submandibular gland

A

Facial Artery

28
Q

What allows venous drainage in the submandibular gland

A

Facial Vein

29
Q

What allows lymph drainage in the submandibular gland

A

Submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes

30
Q

What is the smallest of the 3 main salivary glands

A

Sublingual

31
Q

Describe the location of the sublingual gland

A

Lies beneath the oral mucosa in contact with the sublingual fossa on lingual aspect of mandible.

32
Q

What brings saliva from the sublingual gland to the oral cavity

A

Ducts of the Rivinus

8-20 ducts

33
Q

Where do the ducts of rivinus open into

A
  • Most of them open directly into the floor of mouth

* Few of them join the submandibular duct

34
Q

What supplies blood to the sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and Submental arteries

35
Q

What allows for venous drainage in the sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and Submental Veins

36
Q

What allows for lymph drainage in the sublingual gland

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

37
Q

What is a sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of the salivary gland

38
Q

What can infection do to the submandibular duct

A

Obstruct it

39
Q

What is xerostemia and what can it cause

A

This is a very dry mouth that can lead to excessive caries and dry fissured tongue

40
Q

What is the name of the posterior 1/3 and anterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

posterior 1/3 = root

anterior 2/3 = body

41
Q

Point out the sulcus terminals, foramen cecum (thyroglossal duct), papillae and lymph nodules on the tongue

A

lymph nodules are the bumps in the root
foramen cecum is in the middle just behind the body
sulcus terminalis is surrounding the foramen cecum

42
Q

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae and where on the tongue are they found

A

Filiform on main body
Fungiform on the tip of the tongue
Foliate on the lateral edges of the tongue
Vallate is just in front of the lymph nodes

43
Q

Describe as many features and functions of the filiform papillae as you can

A
  • Most numerous papillae
  • tiny pointed parakeratinised projections
  • pinkish gray colour
  • aid in food handling
  • contain touch sensory nerve endings
  • No taste function
44
Q

Describe as many features and functions of the fungiform papillae as you can

A
  • Tiny, globular and raised red spots
  • scattered among filiform papillae
  • contains taste buds and temp receptors
45
Q

Describe as many features and functions of the foliate papillae as you can

A
  • found on lateral margins of tongue
  • forms 4/3 short vertical folds (folia lingual)
  • very few taste buds
46
Q

Describe as many features and functions of the Vallate papillae as you can

A
  • circular and large
  • 12-13 of them in a V shaped row
  • each surrounded by a circular depression
  • large number of taste buds
  • contains von ebner minor salivary glands in the bottom
47
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Transverse
  • Vertical
48
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
49
Q

Which tongue muscles cause protrusion

A

Genioglossus

50
Q

Which tongue muscles cause depression

A

Hyoglossus

Genioglossus

51
Q

Which tongue muscles cause retraction

A

Styloglossus

Hyoglossus

52
Q

Which tongue muscles cause retraction and elevation

A

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

53
Q

What innervates the motor functions the tongue

A

All muscles = Hypoglossal

Except palatoglossus = pharyngeal plexus

54
Q

What innervates the sensory sensations of the tongue

A

Taste sensation = ant. 2/3 by facial nerve via chordae tympani nerve
Post. 1/3 including vallate papillae by glossopharyngeal nerve

55
Q

What are the lymphatics of the tip of the tongue, anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

A 
Tip = submental lymph nodes
Anterior = submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes
Posterior = deep cervical lymph nodes
56
Q

What is Hairy tongue

A

Epithelia of filiform papillae can grow long, trapping food and oral bacteria, causing malodour

57
Q

What is glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue. If epithelia are lost, tongue becomes very smooth and painful

58
Q

Which papillae can initiate oral cancer but what may hide the cancer?

A

Foliate papillae

Hidden due to location and folds of tissue

Oral Biology (H+N) (14 decks)

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