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Oral Biology (H+N) > Cranial Nerves VI - XII > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves VI - XII Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 6th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

Abducent nerve
Hind brain b/w Pons and Medulla Oblongata –> Cavernous Sinus –>
Sup. Orb. Fissure –> Lateral Rectus muscle

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2
Q

Whats the clinical test for the abducent nerve

A

lateral eye movement

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3
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the abducent nerve

A

inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially

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4
Q

Which nerves innervate which parts of extra ocular movement

A

Abducens (6) - lateral rectus muscle, moves eye laterally
Trochlear (4) - superior oblique muscle, moves eye down and rotates internally
Oculomotor (3) - all other eye muscle movement, also raises lid and mediates pupillary constriction

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5
Q

What is the 7th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

Facial

Hind brain –> Internal Acoustic Meatus –> Geniculate nucleus –> Stylomastoid foramen –> Parotid gland

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6
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical
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7
Q

What is the chordates tympani

A

nerve of the facial nerve that joins the lingual division of the mandibular nerve

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8
Q

What is the greater petrosal nerve

A

Branch of facial

innervates lacrimal gland and taste buds on anterior part of palate

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9
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve

A

facial expression; sense of taste

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10
Q

What is the clinical test for the facial nerve

A

motor functions – close eyes, smile, whistle, frown, raise eyebrows; taste

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11
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the facial nerve

A

inability to control facial muscles; distorted sense of taste, dry eyes

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12
Q

What is the 8th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

Vestibulocochlear

Hind brain –> IAM –> Vestibular and cochlear fibres

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13
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear (8th) nerve

A

hearing and equilibrium

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14
Q

What are the clinical tests for the vestibulocochlear (8th) nerver

A

test hearing, balance, and ability to walk a straight line

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15
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the vestibulocochclear (8th) nerve

A

deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and nystagmus

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16
Q

What is the 9th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
originates from the medulla oblongata
exits the skull through the jugular foramen

17
Q

What do the motor and sensory fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

Motor fibres - stylopharyngess muscle (of the pharynx)

Sensory fibres - oropharynx and posterior tongue

18
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

swallowing, salivation, gagging; touch, pressure, taste, and pain sensations from tongue, pharynx, and outer ear

19
Q

What is the clinical test for the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

gag reflex, swallowing, and coughing

20
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

difficulty swallowing

21
Q

What is the 10th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

the vagus nerve

arises from the medulla oblongata and exits the skull at the jugular foramen

22
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the vagus nerve innervate

A

external auditory meatus & tympanic membrane

23
Q

What do the motor fibres of the vagus nerve innervate

A

the muscles of the larynx, respiratory passages, lungs, heart, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine & the gallbladder.

24
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve

A

swallowing; taste; speech; respiratory, CV, and GI regulation; sensations of hunger, fullness, and intestinal discomfort

25
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the vagus nerve

A

hoarseness or loss of voice; impaired swallowing and GI motility

26
Q

What is the 11th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

the accessory nerve
originates from both the medulla oblongata and from the spinal cord.
emerges out through the jugular foramen

27
Q

What does the accessory (11th) nerve innervate

A

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

28
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve

A

head, neck, and shoulder movements

29
Q

What are the clinical tests for the accessory nerve

A

rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistance

30
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the accessory nerve

A

impaired movement of head, neck, and shoulders; paralysis of sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

What is the 12th cranial nerve and describe its route

A

Hypoglossal
Originates in the medulla oblongata
exits skull through the hypoglossal canal

32
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

A

the muscles of the tongue

33
Q

What are the functions of the hypoglossal nerve

A

tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing

34
Q

What is the clinical test for the hypoglossal nerve

A

tongue function

35
Q

What can be the effects of damage to the hypoglossal nerve

A

difficulty in speech and swallowing; atrophy of tongue; inability to stick out (protrude) tongue

Oral Biology (H+N) (14 decks)

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