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Oral Biology (H+N) > Nasal Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two regions of the nose

A
  • The external nose

* The internal nasal cavity

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2
Q

What are the 2 openings of the external nose called and what separates them

A

2 openings called nostrils separated by nasal septum

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3
Q

What is the lateral margin of the nose called

A

the ala of nose

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4
Q

What bones make up the framework of the external nose

A

• nasal bones
• the maxillae
bone
• frontal bone

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5
Q

What kind of cartilage is in the nose

A

Hyaline

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6
Q

What are the anterior apertures of the nasal cavities called

A

The anterior apertures of the

nasal cavities are called nares, which open onto the inferior surface of the nose.

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7
Q

What are the 4 components of each nasal cavity

A

Each nasal cavity has a floor, roof, medial wall, and lateral wall

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8
Q

What are the names of the posterior nasal apertures and where can they be found

A

Choanae

behind the soft palate

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9
Q

What separates the bony nasal cavity from the oral cavity and cranial cavity

A

Oral cavity - hard palate

Cranial cavity - parts of the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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10
Q

What is the nasal septum made of

A

Septal cartilage
Vertical plate of the ethmoid
Vomer

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11
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity made of

A

palatine process of maxilla & horizontal plate of the palatine bone, which together form the hard palate.

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12
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity made of

A
  1. cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
  2. nasal and frontal bones, and
    posteriorly sphenoid Bone.
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13
Q

Name the 3 conchae

A

1) Superior concha.
2) Middle concha.
3) Inferior concha.

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14
Q

What are the spaces below the conchae called

A

Nasal meatus

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the sensory part of the nasal cavity

A

ophthalmic division (V1) and maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

What does the olfactory nerve innervate in the nasal cavity

A

It is the nerve of smell. It supplies the olfactory mucosa which is situated in the roof of the nasal cavity.

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17
Q

What arteries supply the nasal cavity with blood

A
  1. Branches of maxillary artery main supply of the nose (Sphenopalatine artery).
  2. Septal branch: from facial artery.
  3. Ethmoidal branches: from Ophthalmic artery.
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18
Q

What is epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose

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19
Q

Where are the paranasal air sinuses found

A

They are cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bones.

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20
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses

A
  • They make the skull lighter (filled with air).
  • They act as resonating chambers for the voice.
  • They increase the surface area of the nasal mucous membrane and thus help warming the air before entering the lung.
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21
Q

Infection in which sinus can spread to the orbit

A

Ethmoid (also called air cells)

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22
Q

Except for 2, what do all paranasal sinuses open into

A

the middle meatus

23
Q

Which 2 paranasal sinuses don’t open into the middle meatus and what to they open into

A

1) the sphenoidal sinus (into the spheno- ethmoidal recess).

2) the posterior ethmoidal sinus (into the superior meatus).

24
Q

What is the largest paranasal air sinus and where is it situated

A

Maxillary Air Sinus

It is a pyramidal cavity situated inside the body of the maxilla.

25
Q

What does the roof of the maxillary air sinus do and contain

A

separates the sinus from the orbit and lodges the infra-orbital nerve and vessels.

26
Q

What is the floor of the maxillary air sinus formed by

A

Its formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla.

27
Q

Which teeth’s roots project into the floor

A

1st and 2nd molars

28
Q

Medially, superiorly and inferiorly what is the maxillary air sinus related to

A 
- Medially: nasal cavity.
The sinus opens into the middle meatus of the nose.
- Above: orbit
- Below : roots of
the molar and premolar teeth.
29
Q

What paranasal air sinuses do babies have

30
Q

Describe the pharynx and what 4 things is it composed of

A

It is a musculo-membranous wall, composed of:

  • Mucosa & submucosa
  • Pharyngobasilar fascia
  • Muscles: circular & longitudinal
  • Buccopharyngeal fascia
31
Q

What does the retropharyngeal space lie between

A

Anteriorly - retro/buccopharyngeal fascia

Posteriorly - Alar fascia

32
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
33
Q

Posteriorly, inferiorly and superiorly describe the location of the nasopharynx

A
  • Posterior to nasal cavity
  • Inferior to sphenoid bone
  • Superior to soft-palate

Continuous with the nasal cavity via posterior nasal aperture.

34
Q

During swallowing what closes the nasopharynx

35
Q

What is the pharyngeal tonsil of the nasopharynx and what is its role

A

– Collection of lymph nodes

– Prevents spread of infection to nasal cavity

36
Q

What connects the middle ear cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngiotympanic tube

37
Q

What does the pharyngiotympanic tube allow for

A

drainage and equalisation of pressure

38
Q

What does the oropharynx lie posterior to

A

The oral cavity

39
Q

What does the oropharynx extend inferiorly from and what is it a passageway from

A
  • Extends inferiorly from the soft palate till the epiglottis.
  • Passageway for both food and air
40
Q

What are fauces

A

The arched openings at the back of the mouth that lead to the pharynx

41
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils

A

The lateral wall of the faucet

42
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils

A

posterior surface of the tongue

43
Q

What does the laryngopharynx lie posterior to and what is it a passageway for

A
  • Passageway for food and air

* Posterior to epiglottis

44
Q

What does the laryngopharynx extend to

A

Extends to the larynx, also continuous with the oesophagus

45
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the pharynx

A

Constrictor (circular)

Longitudinal

46
Q

Name the 3 overlapping heads of the constrictor (circular) muscle

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

47
Q

Describe how the fibres of the constrictor (circular) muscles run

A

Extend around the pharynx and are inserted posteriorly into a fibrous raphe that extends from the pharyngeal tubercle on the occipital bone to the oesophagus

48
Q

What fills the gap between the superior border of the superior constrictor and the occipital bone

A

A thickened pharyngobasilar fascia

49
Q

Point out the pharyngeal tubercle

A

The but of the middle cranial fossa in front of the foramen magnum

50
Q

What is the pharyngeal raphe and where is it

A

The raphe that acts as the insertion point for many pharyngeal constrictors and other muscles. in the middle at the front of the neck

51
Q

Name the 3 longitudinal muscles

A

– Stylopharyngeus
– Salpingopharyngeus
– Palatpharyngeous

52
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles

A

– Elevate the larynx & pharynx during swallowing

53
Q

What is waldeyers tonsilar ring and what is its function

A
  • lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx

* Function as a barrier to infection especially in the first few years of life

54
Q

What does waldeyers tonsilar ring consist of

A
  • Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
  • Tubal tonsil
  • Palatine tonsil
  • Lingual tonsil

Oral Biology (H+N) (14 decks)

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