venepuncture, blood culture and cannulation Flashcards

1
Q

what is ANTT?

A

aseptic no touch technique - standardised technique for achieving asepsis during invasive procedures

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2
Q

what are blood cultures?

A

taking venous sample of blood and sending it to microbiology to test for infections resulting in microorganisms in blood

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3
Q

define asepsis?

A

the absence of bacteria, viruses or microorganisms

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4
Q

what is cannulation?

A

inserting a small plastic tube into the vein for delivery of fluids or medication

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5
Q

what is venepuncture?

A

taking a venous blood sample to aid diagnosis and treatment

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6
Q

what does infection mean for the NHS?

A

5500 deaths and 250000 cases of sepsis costing 2.3bn pounds

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7
Q

how many of the infections are preventable?

A

30% - the government intends to reduce gram negative bloodstream infections by 50% by 2021

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8
Q

what does the need for surgical ANTT or standard equipment depend on?

A

the environment, technical challenge and competency

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9
Q

what will a standard procedure be?

A

uncomplicated, short less than 20 minutes procedure with a small number of key components
handwashing, gloves and cleaning site

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10
Q

what are good veins?

A

soft, straight, spongy, bouncy, refillable, visible and supported - antecubital fossa as large and palpable

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11
Q

why are cannulas more peripheral?

A

to avoid joints so they do not become occluded

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12
Q

what will the torniquet do and what should it be?

A

visualise vessels - latex free, single use and quick

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13
Q

what will happen if the tourniquet is left on for more than a minute?

A

potassium will start to leak out of vessels and lead to inaccurate results

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14
Q

where should you avoid?

A

bruised, inflamed and painful areas
fibrosed, sclerosed, hard and thrombosed veins
near bony prominences or areas of flexion
next to infection
tortuous, mobile, thin and fragile veins
compromised or injured limbs

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15
Q

where should be avoided for blood cultures?

A

site of existing cannula or directly above peripheral cannula

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16
Q

what are the indications for blood cultures?

A

where bloodstream infection is suspected, sepsis suspected or pyrexia of unknown origin

17
Q

what are indications for cannulation?

A

deliver IV or medications or blood transfusion

18
Q

what are the indications for venepuncture?

A

whenever a blood test is needed

19
Q

what colours of needles are used in LTHT?

A

orange or slightly larger grey for rapid transfusions of blood
green - blood products or medications
pink - crystalloids
blue - paediatrics or oncology
yellow - elderly, paediatrics or oncology
purple - neonates
these are in increasing size order

20
Q

what cleaning product is used and how?

A

cross hatch and chloroprep

21
Q

what cannula is used?

A

the smallest for the function required

22
Q

what is used where possible?

A

a non ported safety device

23
Q

what is done in blood cultures?

A

clean the lid of the sample bottle and leave to dry, aerobic (in LTHT is blue lid) first

24
Q

what goes into clinical waste?

A

waste soiled with bodily fluids

25
Q

how should samples be labelled?

A

name, DOB and hospital number

26
Q

how are needlestick injuries dealt with?

A

bleed it, wash it, cover it and report it