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C2C > Clinical Skills > Flashcards

Clinical Skills Flashcards

1
Q

what is venepuncture?

A

vein is punctured in order to obtain appropriate blood samples which can be analysed to aid diagnosis and treatment

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2
Q

how do you clean skin?

A

with chloraprep in a cross hatch way

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3
Q

where does the bevel sit?

A

upwards

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4
Q

what do you need to remember before extracting needle?

A

remove the tourniquet, remember to do in correct order

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5
Q

what is the basis of cannulation?

A

a venous cannula is flexible tube inserted into a vein, use the needle to pierce the vein and then remove the needle and leave plastic tube in vein

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6
Q

at what angle does the cannula get inserted?

A

at 30 degrees - look for flashback and then lower the insertion angle

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7
Q

what do you flush the cannula with?

A

5-10mls of saline

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8
Q

what are vital signs?

A

temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen sats, blood pressure and ACVPU

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9
Q

what is NEWS?

A

the national early warning system score

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10
Q

what does a rising new indicate?

A

deteriorating patient and triggers specific response

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11
Q

what does C mean in ACPVU?

A

signs of confusion (disorientation and delerium)

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12
Q

what is the fatal range of temperatures?

A

the usual range is 36-37.2, the fatal is 27-44 and most people will not make it to this score

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13
Q

what is pyrexia and what is hypothermia?

A

pyrexia is >37.5 and hypo is <35 degrees

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14
Q

what classifies as tachycardia and bradycardia?

A

tachy >100bpm and brady <60bpm

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15
Q

what are the four aspects of pulse that are looked at?

A

rate (at least 30 seconds), rhythm (regular or irregular), volume (strength - low could be hypovolaemic due to haemorrhage, bounding - fever) and character

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16
Q

what is the usual respiratory rate for adults and children?

A

adults - 12-20, and for children it is 22-28, adolescent fall at 18-22

17
Q

what could bradypnoea and tachypnoea mean?

A

brady - CNS depression. sedation or opiods and tachy - pain, anxiety, activity and fever

18
Q

what accessory muscles are used?

A

abdo on expiration and neck muscles on inspiration

19
Q

why might a patient use their arms?

A

to improve thoracic stability and therefore make a tripod to breath easier

20
Q

what does PEFR measure?

A

respiratory function at a particular moment in time It is a measure of how much and how fast a patient blows out.

21
Q

what conditions can PEFR be used in?

A

CF, asthma, COPD

22
Q

what does a higher reading show?

A

the patient is well. In an exacerbation the patient will have a lower reading because their airways are narrowed.

23
Q

what does a pulse oximentry probe measure?

A

the percentage of Hb in arterial blood that is oxygen saturated - normally >95% for healthy, for respiratory disease is 88-92% normally

24
Q

what should be considered for oxygen sats readings?

A

nail varnish, cold extremities, the amount of ambient light and keeping the probe still to prevent motion artefact

25
Q

how is blood pressure expressed?

A

as two values - systolic/diastolic

26
Q

what is the normal reading for BP?

A

it is higher in the elderly but usually 120/80mmHg

27
Q

what stimuli can influence blood pressure?

A

pain, anxiety, exercise, relaxation

28
Q

at what speed should you ideally deflate the BP cuff?

A

2mmHg/second

29
Q

what might happen in pregnant women or children?

A

the Korotoff sounds (BP sounds) will continue as a muffling through to phase 4 - this is the diastolic

30
Q

what should you do if you need to redo a BP?

A

deflate and wait for 30 seconds before trying again

31
Q

what must you do with an anxious patient who presents with hypertension?

A

you should retake the reading a while later to rile out white coat hypertension.

32
Q

what should you do if it is the first time you have met a patient?

A

take a bilateral reading

C2C (20 decks)

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