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C2C > principles of safe drug prescribing > Flashcards

principles of safe drug prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of hospital prescriptions have errors?

A

7%

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2
Q

what percentage of hospital prescriptions have errors?

A

7%

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3
Q

why is a prescribing assessment mandatory prior to examination?

A

8.4-10.3% of prescriptions from F1s/F2 had errors in then

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4
Q

what factors contribute to drug errors?

A

the heath care professional, the drug and the patient

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5
Q

why do we use pmHx?

A

past drug history gives us an idea of their conditions - allergies, out of date medication, allergies, regular medications

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6
Q

what is important in prescribing drugs?

A

right route, right drug, right dose, right patients, right time

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7
Q

what are important considerations in prescribing drugs?

A

special drug groups and special charts, acute illness, interactions, contraindications and tests and investigations

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8
Q

what do you include on a drug form?

A

name, dose and unit, frequency, route and form and written in black pen in block capitals - signature and data

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9
Q

what are the drug route abbreviations?

A 
PO - oral 
IV - intravenous
IM - intramuscular 
SC - subcut
PR - rectal
PV - vaginal 
INH - inhaled 
NEB - nebuliser 
TOP - topical 
NG - nasogastric
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10
Q

what does OA stand for?

A

on admission - if a patient needs drugs as they arrive

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11
Q

what do the abbreviations for drugs frequency stand for?

A 
OD - once daily 
BD - twice daily
TDS - three times a day 
QDS - four times a day 
OM - morning
ON - night 
PRN - when required
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12
Q

what happens with drugs that are given not via oral route?

A

must be checked by two qualified people

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13
Q

what must you do when giving any drug?

A

monitor the patient for an adverse reaction and know how to respond in this case

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14
Q

what does the BNF tell you?

A

life support, palliative care, medical emergencies in the community, interactions, conditions, treatment summaries, routes and doses of drugs

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15
Q

what is used to calculate the draw up volume of a liquid drug?

A

use the concentration (weight or units) of drug (on the vial) and the amount of drug prescribed (on chart)

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16
Q

what is the equation for volume required?

A

volume required = (dose required/dose you have) x quantity/ volume it comes in

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17
Q

what is sometimes done to make a drug easier to titrate?

A

drug may be diluted into a higher volume

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18
Q

what is a rare complication of paracetamol?

A

hepatotoxic in overdose

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19
Q

how can paracetamol be given?

A

oral, IV, PR

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20
Q

how many preparations of paracetamol are there?

A

tablets, capsules, soluble tablets, oral suspensions

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21
Q

what are the indications of salbutamol?

A

premature labour, reversible airways construction or asthma

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22
Q

what is the main side effect of salbutamol?

A

fine tremor

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23
Q

what is the starting dose for salbutamol?

A

100-200 micrograms QDS

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24
Q

what is amoxicillin used for?

A

it is a broad spectrum antibiotics for respiratory, ear and urine infection

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25
Q

how can amoxicillin be given?

A

oral, IM and IV

26
Q

what is the starting dose for amoxicillin?

A

500mg TDS

27
Q

how many different oral preparations of amoxicillin are there?

A

4 - capsules, 2 oral suspensions and sachets

28
Q

what are the indications of cyclizine?

A

nausea, vomiting and vertigo

29
Q

what is the main side effect of cyclizine?

A

drowsiness

30
Q

how can cyclizine be given?

A

oral, IM and IV

31
Q

how many doses are there and what frequency?

A

only 50mg and tds

32
Q

how many different preparations are there of cyclizine?

A

tablets and injections

33
Q

why is a prescribing assessment mandatory prior to examination?

A

8.4-10.3% of prescriptions from F1s/F2 had errors in then

34
Q

what factors contribute to drug errors?

A

the heath care professional, the drug and the patient

35
Q

why do we use pmHx?

A

past drug history gives us an idea of their conditions - allergies, out of date medication, allergies, regular medications

36
Q

what is important in prescribing drugs?

A

right route, right drug, right dose, right patients, right time

37
Q

what are important considerations in prescribing drugs?

A

special drug groups and special charts, acute illness, interactions, contraindications and tests and investigations

38
Q

what do you include on a drug form?

A

name, dose and unit, frequency, route and form and written in black pen in block capitals - signature and data

39
Q

what are the drug route abbreviations?

A 
PO - oral 
IV - intravenous
IM - intramuscular 
SC - subcut
PR - rectal
PV - vaginal 
INH - inhaled 
NEB - nebuliser 
TOP - topical 
NG - nasogastric
40
Q

what does OA stand for?

A

on admission - if a patient needs drugs as they arrive

41
Q

what do the abbreviations for drugs frequency stand for?

A 
OD - once daily 
BD - twice daily
TDS - three times a day 
QDS - four times a day 
OM - morning
ON - night 
PRN - when required
42
Q

what happens with drugs that are given not via oral route?

A

must be checked by two qualified people

43
Q

what must you do when giving any drug?

A

monitor the patient for an adverse reaction and know how to respond in this case

44
Q

what does the BNF tell you?

A

life support, palliative care, medical emergencies in the community, interactions, conditions, treatment summaries, routes and doses of drugs

45
Q

what is used to calculate the draw up volume of a liquid drug?

A

use the concentration (weight or units) of drug (on the vial) and the amount of drug prescribed (on chart)

46
Q

what is the equation for volume required?

A

volume required = (dose required/dose you have) x quantity/ volume it comes in

47
Q

what is sometimes done to make a drug easier to titrate?

A

drug may be diluted into a higher volume

48
Q

what is a rare complication of paracetamol?

A

hepatotoxic in overdose

49
Q

how can paracetamol be given?

A

oral, IV, PR

50
Q

how many preparations of paracetamol are there?

A

tablets, capsules, soluble tablets, oral suspensions

51
Q

what are the indications of salbutamol?

A

premature labour, reversible airways construction or asthma

52
Q

what is the main side effect of salbutamol?

A

fine tremor

53
Q

what is the starting dose for salbutamol?

A

100-200 micrograms QDS

54
Q

what is amoxicillin used for?

A

it is a broad spectrum antibiotics for respiratory, ear and urine infection

55
Q

how can amoxicillin be given?

A

oral, IM and IV

56
Q

what is the starting dose for amoxicillin?

A

500mg TDS

57
Q

how many different oral preparations of amoxicillin are there?

A

4 - capsules, 2 oral suspensions and sachets

58
Q

what are the indications of cyclizine?

A

nausea, vomiting and vertigo

59
Q

what is the main side effect of cyclizine?

A

drowsiness

60
Q

how can cyclizine be given?

A

oral, IM and IV

61
Q

how many doses are there and what frequency?

A

only 50mg and tds

62
Q

how many different preparations are there of cyclizine?

A

tablets and injections

C2C (20 decks)

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