CVD exam

Question 1

what is the general process for a CVD exam?

Answer 1

general observation, hands, face, neck, chest, end pieces

Question 2

what do you look for in general observation?

Answer 2

patient - colour, consciousness, build, pain, breathing difficulties
bedside - breathing equipment, oxygen, medications

Question 3

what should you look for in hands?

Answer 3

Oslers nodes, Janeway lesions, splinter haemorrhages, nicotine, clubbing, tendon xanthoma, pale palmar creases and cap refill and pulse including collapsing and comparison and BP

Question 4

what should you look for in the face/

Answer 4

malar flush of mitral stenosis and general colour. in the eyes look for corneal arcus, pale conjunctiva and xanthalasma. Central and peripheral cynaosis, dental hygiene and high arch in Marfans

Question 5

what do you look for in neck?

Answer 5

carotid pulse and JVP

Question 6

what do you observe in chest?

Answer 6

scars, pacemaker, heaves and pulsations

Question 7

what do you palpate in chest?

Answer 7

apex beat, heaves and thrills (lateral hand)

Question 8

where and how should you auscultate?

Answer 8

aortic, pulmonary - 2nd ICS right then left, triscuspid at 4th ICS on left with patient held expiration leaning forward, and mitral - 5th ICS left midline, leaning into left with bell

Question 9

how do you look for oedema?

Answer 9

look at sacral and ankle oedema

Question 10

what are the end pieces?

Answer 10

lying and standing BP, abdomen, auscultation, vascular exam and fundoscopy