Veins of the head and neck

Question 1

What three parts can venous drainage be divided into?

Answer 1

Venous drainage of the:
Brain and meninges
Scalp and face
Neck

Question 2

What are the three main jugular veins?

Answer 2

External
Internal
Anterior

Question 3

Where does the external jugular vein supply?

Answer 3

External favs

Question 4

What is the external jugular vein formed by?

Answer 4

Posterior auricular vein and the retromandibular vein

Question 5

Where do the posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein meet?

Answer 5

Posterior to the angle of the mandible and inferior to the outer ear

Question 6

What does the external jugular vein run down anteriorly?

Answer 6

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

What does the external jugular vein pass underneath?

Answer 7

Clavicle

Question 8

How does the external jugular vein terminate?

Answer 8

Drains into the subclavian vein

Question 9

What is the main problem with the external jugular vein?

Answer 9

It is very superficial so is vulnerable to damage

Question 10

What happens if the external jugular vein is severed?

Answer 10

Lumen is held open by thick layer of investing Fascia

Air is drawn into vein causing cyanosis and can stop blood flow through the right atrium

Question 11

How can you manage an injury to the external jugular vein?

Answer 11

Pressure to the wound

Question 12

Where does the internal jugular vein begin?

Answer 12

Cranial cavity as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus

Question 13

What is the initial part of internal jugular vein that is dilated called?

Answer 13

Superior bulb

Question 14

How does the IJV exit the skull?

Answer 14

Jugular foramen

Question 15

What does the IJV descend within?

Answer 15

Carotid sheath

Question 16

What is the IJV lateral to and also deep to?

Answer 16

Lateral to the common carotid artery

Deep to the sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

At the bottom of the neck what does the IJV combine with and what does it form?

Answer 17

Combines with the subclavian vein to make the brachiocephalic vein

Question 18

What is the Inferior bulb of the IJV?

Answer 18

When the inferior end of the IJV dilates

Question 19

Where does the IJV receive blood from?

Answer 19

Facial
Lingual
Occipital
Superior and middle thyroid veins

Question 20

What is jugular venous pressure?

Answer 20

Can be observed for pulsation which can provide an estimation of right atrial pressure
Accurate as no valves in the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins

Question 21

What are dural venous sinuses?

Answer 21

Spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura which are lined by endothelial cells

Question 22

What do dural venous sinuses collect?

Answer 22

Venous blood from the veins that drain the brain and bony skull and ultimately drain into the IJV

Question 23

What is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 23

Clinically important pair of dural sinuses next to the sphenoid bone

Question 24

What is inside the cavernous sinus?

Answer 24

Internal carotid artery which allows for cooling of the blood before it reaches the brain
There are also many nerve s

Question 25

Why is the cavernous sinus becoming infected a problem?

Answer 25

The nerves are at risk of damage

Facial nerve is connected to face and valve so can be a others for infection of the face can spread to venous sinuses

Question 26

Where does the external jugular vein supply?

Answer 26

External face

Question 27

What does the external jugular vein pass underneath?

Answer 27

Clavicle