Nose

Question 1

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 1

Sense of smell, Route for inspired air, filters inspired air, moistens and warms inspired air, resonating chamber for speech

Question 2

What is the external nose made up of?

Answer 2

Cartilage and bone

Question 3

How does inspired air get into nose?

Answer 3

Through the vestibule

Question 4

What is the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 4

Mucous membrane

Question 5

What is olfactory mucous membrane for?

Answer 5

Smell by olfactory nerve

Question 6

What is respiratory mucous membrane for?

Answer 6

Filters, humidifies and warms

Question 7

What is respiratory mucous membrane made from?

Answer 7

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 8

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal bone

Question 9

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Hard palate

Question 10

What is the medial border of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Nasal septum

Question 11

What is the lateral border of the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

Conchae

superior, middle and inferior

Question 12

Where does the nasal cavity drain from?

Answer 12

Paranasal sinus 
Nasolacrima duct (drains eyes)

Question 13

What will happen to air flow as it moves into nasal cavity?

Answer 13

Greater cross sectional area in nasal cavity than the vestibule so slows air flow down

Question 14

How do paranasal air sinuses drain into nasal cavity?

Answer 14

Ostia into a meatus and into nasal cavity

Question 15

Where does sinusitis occur?

Answer 15

Paranasal sinus

Question 16

What are paranasal sinuses lined with and why does this matter?

Answer 16

Lined with respiratory mucosa, so help to humidify and warm inspired air

Question 17

What is a septal haematoma?

Answer 17

Cartilaginous part of septum takes blood supply from overlying perichondrium and the septum is buckled

Question 18

Wha causes septal haematoma?

Answer 18

Trauma

Blood accumulates between perichondrium and cartilage

Question 19

What are the symptoms of a septal haematoma?

Answer 19

Blockage in breathing, nasal congestion, painful swelling in nasal septum, change in nose shape
If untreated causes saddle-nose deformity- Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum
May develop infection in the collecting haematoma so septal abscess formation

Question 20

What are the symptoms of a septal haematoma?

Answer 20

Blockage in breathing, nasal congestion, painful swelling in nasal septum, change in nose shape
If untreated causes saddle-nose deformity- Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum
May develop infection in the collecting haematoma so septal abscess formation increases avascular necrosis of septum possibility

Question 21

Which cranial nerve carries general sensation from nasal cavity

Answer 21

Trigeminal

Question 22

What are nasal polyps?

Answer 22

Fleshy, benign swellings of nasal mucosa

Question 23

What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

Answer 23

Pale or yellow appearance and fleshy and reddened

Blocked nose, watery discharge, stop smell

Question 24

If blood tinged secretion what may this suggest with polps?

Answer 24

Tumour/cancer

Question 25

What is rhinitis?

Answer 25

Inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining

Question 26

What are the causes of rhinitis?

Answer 26

Simple acute infective rhinitis | Allergic rhinitis

Question 27

What are the symptoms of rhinitis?

Answer 27

Nasal congestion, Rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, nasal irritation and postnasal drip

Question 28

What is epistaxis?

Answer 28

A nose bleed

Question 29

What causes epistaxis?

Answer 29

Infection, trauma, Rhinitis, hypertension, etc

Question 30

What is the blood supply to the nose?

Answer 30

Ophthalmic and maxillary artery

Question 31

What is the blood supply like to nose?

Answer 31

Very rich blood supply | Anastomoses in anterior septum so common for bleeding of nose

Question 32

What is venous drainage of the nose?

Answer 32

Through pterygoid plexus, cavernous sinus and facial vein

Question 33

What is sinusitis?

Answer 33

Inflammation of the nasal sinuses

Question 34

What are the symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 34

Postnasal drip, nasal stuffiness and congestion, Frontal headache, Coughing, Tenderness of face, pyrexia,

Question 35

What causes sinusitis?

Answer 35

Primary infection leads to ciliary function, oedema of nasal mucosa and sinus ostia and increased nasal secretions, Drainage from sinus is impeded, stagnant secretions within the sinus becomes ideal breading ground for bacteria and secondary infection