Nose Flashcards
What is the function of the nose?
Sense of smell, Route for inspired air, filters inspired air, moistens and warms inspired air, resonating chamber for speech
What is the external nose made up of?
Cartilage and bone
How does inspired air get into nose?
Through the vestibule
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Mucous membrane
What is olfactory mucous membrane for?
Smell by olfactory nerve
What is respiratory mucous membrane for?
Filters, humidifies and warms
What is respiratory mucous membrane made from?
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal bone
What is the floor of the nasal cavity?
Hard palate
What is the medial border of the nasal cavity?
Nasal septum
What is the lateral border of the nasal cavity?
Conchae
superior, middle and inferior
Where does the nasal cavity drain from?
Paranasal sinus Nasolacrima duct (drains eyes)
What will happen to air flow as it moves into nasal cavity?
Greater cross sectional area in nasal cavity than the vestibule so slows air flow down
How do paranasal air sinuses drain into nasal cavity?
Ostia into a meatus and into nasal cavity
Where does sinusitis occur?
Paranasal sinus
What are paranasal sinuses lined with and why does this matter?
Lined with respiratory mucosa, so help to humidify and warm inspired air
What is a septal haematoma?
Cartilaginous part of septum takes blood supply from overlying perichondrium and the septum is buckled
Wha causes septal haematoma?
Trauma
Blood accumulates between perichondrium and cartilage
What are the symptoms of a septal haematoma?
Blockage in breathing, nasal congestion, painful swelling in nasal septum, change in nose shape
If untreated causes saddle-nose deformity- Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum
May develop infection in the collecting haematoma so septal abscess formation
What are the symptoms of a septal haematoma?
Blockage in breathing, nasal congestion, painful swelling in nasal septum, change in nose shape
If untreated causes saddle-nose deformity- Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum
May develop infection in the collecting haematoma so septal abscess formation increases avascular necrosis of septum possibility
Which cranial nerve carries general sensation from nasal cavity
Trigeminal
What are nasal polyps?
Fleshy, benign swellings of nasal mucosa
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
Pale or yellow appearance and fleshy and reddened
Blocked nose, watery discharge, stop smell
If blood tinged secretion what may this suggest with polps?
Tumour/cancer
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining
What are the causes of rhinitis?
Simple acute infective rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis
What are the symptoms of rhinitis?
Nasal congestion, Rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, nasal irritation and postnasal drip
What is epistaxis?
A nose bleed
What causes epistaxis?
Infection, trauma, Rhinitis, hypertension, etc
What is the blood supply to the nose?
Ophthalmic and maxillary artery
What is the blood supply like to nose?
Very rich blood supply
Anastomoses in anterior septum so common for bleeding of nose
What is venous drainage of the nose?
Through pterygoid plexus, cavernous sinus and facial vein
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the nasal sinuses
What are the symptoms of sinusitis?
Postnasal drip, nasal stuffiness and congestion, Frontal headache, Coughing, Tenderness of face, pyrexia,
What causes sinusitis?
Primary infection leads to ciliary function, oedema of nasal mucosa and sinus ostia and increased nasal secretions, Drainage from sinus is impeded, stagnant secretions within the sinus becomes ideal breading ground for bacteria and secondary infection
