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Head And Neck > Embryology 1 > Flashcards

Embryology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the face look like in week 4?

A

No face- no distinguishing external features

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2
Q

What is the Head and neck like in the 4th week?

A

1/2 of the length of the embryo

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3
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches become?

A

Brain, CVS and special sensory organs

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4
Q

What do the arches mean by segmental development?

A

Each arch has its own neurovascular plan and develops its own muscles and skeletal elements

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5
Q

Where is the gut tube made?

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

What is te gut tube made of?

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

What are pharyngeal arches?

A

System of mesenchmyal proliferations in the neck region of the embryo

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8
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5 in total

numbered 1-6

5 is not in humans

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9
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 1st arch?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

What does arch 1 become?

pharyngeal

A

Muscles of mastication, Digastic and mylohyoid

Meckels cartilage- mandible, malleus and incus

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11
Q

What is arch 1 sensory become?

pharyngeal

A

Skin og the face and lining of the mouth and nose

part of tongue

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12
Q

What nerve is associated with Arch 2?

pharyngeal

A

Facial

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13
Q

What does Arch 2 become?

pharyngeal

A

Muscles of facial expression

Reicherts cartilage- stapes, upper body of hyoid and lesser horn, styloid process and stylohoid ligament

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14
Q

What is arch 2 sensory?

Pharyngeal

A

part of the tongue

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15
Q

What nerve is associated with arch 3?

Pharyngeal

A

Glossopharyngeal

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16
Q

What does the 3rd arch become?

Pharyngeal

A

Stylopharyngeus

lower body of hyoid and greater horn

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17
Q

What is the sensory of the 3rd arch?

Pharyngeal

A

part of the Tongue

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18
Q

What is the associated nerve with the 4th arch?

Pharyngeal

A

Vagus- superior laryngeal branch

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19
Q

What does the 4th arch become?

Pharyngeal

A

Pharyngeal muscles, cricothyroid

Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

What is the nerve associated with the 6th arch?

Pharyngeal

A

Vagus

recurrent laryngeal branch

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21
Q

What does the 6th arch become?

Pharyngeal

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Arytenoid cartilage

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22
Q

What does the 1st and 2nd aortic arch become?

A

Disappear

23
Q

What does the 3rd artic arch become?

A

Internal carotid

24
Q

What does the 4th aortic arch become?

A

Arch of the aorta and Brachiocephalic

25
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch become?

A

Pulmonary arch

26
Q

What are pharygeal pouches?

A

Endoderm lined pockets in the pharynx

27
Q

Why is the first pharyngeal pouch important?

A

Largest and becomes the tympanic cavity

28
Q

What do pharyngeal pouches become?

A

Palatine tonsils

Parathyroid gland

thymus

29
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal cleft become?

A

external acoustic meatus

30
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal cleft do?

A

Grow down and covers others so obliterates other clefts

31
Q

What happens if there are remnants of the pharyngeal clefts?

A

Brachial cyst or fistula

32
Q

What drives development of the face?

A

Expansion of the cranial neural tube

Appearance of a comples tissue system associated with- cranial gut tube, outflow of the developing heart

Development of sense organs and need to seperate the resp tract from Gi

33
Q

How does the face develop?

A

Facial primordia- first pharyngeal arch and frontonasal prominence

34
Q

Where is teh FNP?

A

surrounds the ventral lateral part of the forebrain

35
Q

What are the components of the face?

A

Stomatodeum- becomes buccopharyngeal membrane

Frontonasal prominence

1st pharyngeal arch which had maxillary and mandibular prominence

36
Q

What facial features does the FNP develop into?

A

forehead

Brige of nose

Nose

Philtrum

37
Q

What does the maxillary prominence become?

A

Cheeks

lateral upper lip and jaw

38
Q

What does the mandibular prominence become?

A

Lower lip and jaw

39
Q

Where do nasal placodes appear?

A

Frontonasal prominence

40
Q

What do nasal placodes sink to become?

A

Nasal pits

41
Q

What from either side of nasal pits?

A

Nasal promincence

42
Q

Where do maxillary promineces grow?

A

Medially pushing the nasal prominence together in the midline

Fuse with medial nasal prominence and then fuse with the midline

43
Q

How are the nasal and oral cavities separated?

A

Fusion of medial nasal prominence created the intermaxillary segment

44
Q

What is the secondary palate (Main part) derived from?

A

Palatal shelves from maxillary prominence

45
Q

How do the maxillary promience grow?

A

Vertically downwards into the oral cavity on each side of the developing tongue

46
Q

How does the tongue develop?

A
47
Q

What is a lateral cleft lip?

A

Failure of fusion of medial nasal prominence and maillary prominence

48
Q

What is cleft lip and cleft palate?

A

Combined with failure of shelves to meet in midline and lateral cleft lop

49
Q

What does the middle ear cavity and ossicles develop from?

A

1st pharangeal pouch and cartilage and 1st and 2nd arches respectively

50
Q

How do auricles develop?

A

proliferation within 1st and 2nd pharngeal arches surrounding the meatus

51
Q

What is the position of the ear?

A

External ears develop in neck to begin with

Mandible grows the ears ascend and lie in line with the eyes

52
Q

What do all common chromosomal abnormalities have?

A

Abnormalities associated with external ear

53
Q

Why is fetal alcohol syndrome a thing?

A

Face is derived from neural crest cells in pharyngeal arches which migration is sensitive to alcohol

As is brain development

Head And Neck (18 decks)

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