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Head And Neck > General Organisation > Flashcards

General Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main muscles of the neck?

A

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

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2
Q

What is the origin of the platysma?

A

Lower mandible

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3
Q

What is the insertion of the platysma?

A

Chest wall

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4
Q

What is the action of the platysma?

A

Depress corner of mouth and jaw

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5
Q

What is the innervation of platysma?

A

Facial nerve

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6
Q

How do you test the action of platysma?

A

Tense neck muscles

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7
Q

Where does the platysma lie?

A

Superficial cervical fascia

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8
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternum and clavicle

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Mastoid process

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10
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Lateral flexion and tilts neck

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve

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12
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

Base of the skull

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

Scapula and clavicle

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14
Q

What is the action of trapezius?

A

Elevation of the shoulder

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15
Q

What is he innervation of trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve

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16
Q

How would you test the action of trapezius?

A

Hands on shoulder and shrug to test resistance

17
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible and midline of neck

18
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and clavicle

19
Q

What are infrahyoid muscles?

A

Strap muscles
Below hyoid
Overlie larynx
Innervated by cervical nerves

20
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Omohyoid
Digastric
Sternocleidomastoid

21
Q

What is in the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid sheath:
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vegus nerve

22
Q

What are the fascial planes of the neck?

A

Superficial cervical fascia

Deep: investing layer, carotid sheath, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia

23
Q

What is superficial cervical fascia made of?

A

Loose connective tissue

Fat, Platysma, cutaneous nerves, Lymph nodes, blood vessels

24
Q

What is deep cervical fascias made from?

A

Dense connective tissue

25
Q

What is the problem with retropharngeal space and pre tracheal space?

A

Infections can spread from here to the mediastinum causing mediastinitis

26
Q

What are the muscles of mastication and what do they do?

A

Temporalis- close mouth
Masseter- close mouth
Medial pterygoid- close mouth
Lateral pterygoid- open mouth

27
Q

What are muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Trigeminal nerve

28
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression and what do they do?

A 
Ocipitalfrontalis- raise eyebrow
Orbicularis occuli- close eye 
Buccinator- assist in chewing 
Orbicularis oris- close mouth
Platysma
Zygomaticus and epicranial openeurosis
29
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

30
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A 
To- tibial 
Zanzibar- zygomatic 
By- buckle 
Motor- maxilla
Car- cervical
31
Q

What are the trigeminal nerve branches?

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

32
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin 
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
33
Q

What are the blood vessels of the head and neck?

A

Internal and external Common carotid

Internal and external jugular vein

34
Q

Why does lots of bleeding occur at the scalp?

A

Dense connective tissue keeps the Arteries and veins open

35
Q

Why does aponeurosis gape?

A

Occipitofrontalis bellies

Head And Neck (18 decks)

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