General Organisation Flashcards
What are the three main muscles of the neck?
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
What is the origin of the platysma?
Lower mandible
What is the insertion of the platysma?
Chest wall
What is the action of the platysma?
Depress corner of mouth and jaw
What is the innervation of platysma?
Facial nerve
How do you test the action of platysma?
Tense neck muscles
Where does the platysma lie?
Superficial cervical fascia
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
Sternum and clavicle
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
Mastoid process
What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
Lateral flexion and tilts neck
What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?
Accessory nerve
What is the origin of the trapezius?
Base of the skull
What is the insertion of the trapezius?
Scapula and clavicle
What is the action of trapezius?
Elevation of the shoulder
What is he innervation of trapezius?
Accessory nerve
How would you test the action of trapezius?
Hands on shoulder and shrug to test resistance
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid, mandible and midline of neck
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and clavicle
What are infrahyoid muscles?
Strap muscles
Below hyoid
Overlie larynx
Innervated by cervical nerves
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
Omohyoid
Digastric
Sternocleidomastoid
What is in the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath:
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vegus nerve
What are the fascial planes of the neck?
Superficial cervical fascia
Deep: investing layer, carotid sheath, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia
What is superficial cervical fascia made of?
Loose connective tissue
Fat, Platysma, cutaneous nerves, Lymph nodes, blood vessels
What is deep cervical fascias made from?
Dense connective tissue
What is the problem with retropharngeal space and pre tracheal space?
Infections can spread from here to the mediastinum causing mediastinitis
What are the muscles of mastication and what do they do?
Temporalis- close mouth
Masseter- close mouth
Medial pterygoid- close mouth
Lateral pterygoid- open mouth
What are muscles of mastication innervated by?
Trigeminal nerve
What are the muscles of facial expression and what do they do?
Ocipitalfrontalis- raise eyebrow Orbicularis occuli- close eye Buccinator- assist in chewing Orbicularis oris- close mouth Platysma Zygomaticus and epicranial openeurosis
What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?
Facial nerve
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
To- tibial Zanzibar- zygomatic By- buckle Motor- maxilla Car- cervical
What are the trigeminal nerve branches?
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium
What are the blood vessels of the head and neck?
Internal and external Common carotid
Internal and external jugular vein
Why does lots of bleeding occur at the scalp?
Dense connective tissue keeps the Arteries and veins open
Why does aponeurosis gape?
Occipitofrontalis bellies
