Basics of the central nervous system

Question 1

What is emergence?

Answer 1

phenomenon where complex behaviour emerges from the interactions of individual

Question 2

What are the basic components of the CNS?

Answer 2

Cerebral hemisphere, Brainstem and cerebellum Spinal cord

Question 3

What are the basic components of the PNS?

Answer 3

Dorsal and ventral roots, Spinal nerves, Peripheral nerves

Question 4

Where does the human brain flex?

Answer 4

midbrain

Question 5

Which part of the brain is dorsal?

Answer 5

superior hemisphere

Question 6

Which part of the brain is ventral?

Answer 6

Inferior hemisphere

Question 7

What does the midbrain of the brainstem do?

Answer 7

eye movements and reflex responses to sound and vision

Question 8

What does the pons of the brainstem do?

Answer 8

feeding and sleep

Question 9

What does the medulla of the brainstem do?

Answer 9

cardiovascular and respiratory centre, contains major motor pathway

Question 10

What is a sulcus?

Answer 10

A groove or furrow in the brain separating adjacent gyri

Question 11

What is a gyrus?

Answer 11

A ridge or fold in the brain

Question 12

What is a fissure?

Answer 12

A large crack or split between adjacent large areas of the brain

Question 13

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 13

Higher cognition, Motor function and speech

Question 14

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 14

Sensation and spatial awareness

Question 15

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 15

memory, smell, hearing

Question 16

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 16

vision

Question 17

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 17

Co-ordination and motor learning

Question 18

What is the optic chiasm?

Answer 18

A site where fibres in the visual system cross over

Question 19

What is the uncus?

Answer 19

Part of the temportal lobe that can herniate compressing the midbrain

Question 20

What is the medullary pyramids?

Answer 20

Locations of descending motor fibres

Question 21

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 21

Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 22

What is the thalamus?

Answer 22

Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex

Question 23

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

Essential centre for homeostasis

Question 24

What layer does the nervous system come from in the embryo?

Answer 24

Ectoderm

Question 25

How does the ectoderm start to invaginate?

Answer 25

Notochord (flexible rod on mesoderm) releases substances which causes invagination

It then forms a tube (neuronic tube)

Question 26

Can the PNS and CNS regenerate?

Answer 26

CNS cant

PNS can

Question 27

Is the CNS and PNS a sophisticated system?

Answer 27

CNS is

PNS is not compared to CNS

Question 28

What cells is myelination done by in the CNS and PNS?

Answer 28

CNS- oligododendrocytes

PNS- Schwann cell

Question 29

Does the CNS and PNS have an immune system?

Answer 29

CNS- Microglia (immune privaledge- shield from peripheral immune response)

PNS- yes

Question 30

What are tumours like in CNS and PNS?

Answer 30

Both can have tumours

PNS only benign

Question 31

What is dorsal?

Answer 31

Back

Question 32

What is vental?

Answer 32

Front

Question 33

What is decussation?

Answer 33

Fibres cross from one hemisphere to the other side of the CNS

Question 34

Where do motor structures sit in the brain?

Answer 34

Anteriorly

Question 35

Where do sensory structures sit in the brain?

Answer 35

Posteriorly

Question 36

Who has the biggest corpus callosum?

Answer 36

Women