Basics of the central nervous system Flashcards
What is emergence?
phenomenon where complex behaviour emerges from the interactions of individual
What are the basic components of the CNS?
Cerebral hemisphere, Brainstem and cerebellum Spinal cord
What are the basic components of the PNS?
Dorsal and ventral roots, Spinal nerves, Peripheral nerves
Where does the human brain flex?
midbrain
Which part of the brain is dorsal?
superior hemisphere
Which part of the brain is ventral?
Inferior hemisphere
What does the midbrain of the brainstem do?
eye movements and reflex responses to sound and vision
What does the pons of the brainstem do?
feeding and sleep
What does the medulla of the brainstem do?
cardiovascular and respiratory centre, contains major motor pathway
What is a sulcus?
A groove or furrow in the brain separating adjacent gyri
What is a gyrus?
A ridge or fold in the brain
What is a fissure?
A large crack or split between adjacent large areas of the brain
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Higher cognition, Motor function and speech
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Sensation and spatial awareness
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
memory, smell, hearing
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
vision
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Co-ordination and motor learning
What is the optic chiasm?
A site where fibres in the visual system cross over
What is the uncus?
Part of the temportal lobe that can herniate compressing the midbrain
What is the medullary pyramids?
Locations of descending motor fibres
What is the corpus callosum?
Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
What is the thalamus?
Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex
What is the hypothalamus?
Essential centre for homeostasis
What layer does the nervous system come from in the embryo?
Ectoderm
How does the ectoderm start to invaginate?
Notochord (flexible rod on mesoderm) releases substances which causes invagination
It then forms a tube (neuronic tube)
Can the PNS and CNS regenerate?
CNS cant
PNS can
Is the CNS and PNS a sophisticated system?
CNS is
PNS is not compared to CNS
What cells is myelination done by in the CNS and PNS?
CNS- oligododendrocytes
PNS- Schwann cell
Does the CNS and PNS have an immune system?
CNS- Microglia (immune privaledge- shield from peripheral immune response)
PNS- yes
What are tumours like in CNS and PNS?
Both can have tumours
PNS only benign
What is dorsal?
Back
What is vental?
Front
What is decussation?
Fibres cross from one hemisphere to the other side of the CNS
Where do motor structures sit in the brain?
Anteriorly
Where do sensory structures sit in the brain?
Posteriorly
Who has the biggest corpus callosum?
Women
