Oral cavity and pharynx Flashcards
What are the motor muscles of the tongue innervated by?
Hypoglossal nerve
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Geniohyoidus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus
What is the sensation of the anterior tongue innervated by?
Trigeminal nerve
What is the taste of the anterior tongue innervated by?
Facial nerve
What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongues sensation and taste innervated by?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the drainage of the submandibular gland?
Wharton duct- how saliva enters mouth
What is the drainage of the salivary gland?
Stensen duct- around 2nd premolar
What is tonsillitis?
Inflammation of the tonsils (palatine)
What causes tonsillitis?
Viral and bacterial causes
What are the symptoms of the tonsillitis?
Fever, sore throat, pain and difficulty swallowing, cervical lymph nodes, bad breath
What is another word for a peritonsillar abscess?
Quinsy
What is a peritonsillar abscess?
Follow on from tonsilitis or arise on own
What are the symptoms of the peritonsillar abscess?
Severe throat pain, fever, bad breath, drooling, difficulty opening mouth
What is a salivary gland stone (sialolithiasis)?
Mainly in submandibular glands
Most stones less than 1cm
What causes a salivary gland stone?
Dehydration so reduced salivary flow
What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?
Pain in gland
Swelling
Infection
How are salivary gland stones diagnosed?
History
X ray
Sialogram
What is special about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Not connected to bone
What is the palatoglossus innervated by?
Vagus nerve
Where does the sublingual gland lie and come out?
Underneath the tongue
What is the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
Base of skull to upper border of soft palate, posterior C1 and C2, anterior nasal cavity
What are the pharynx’s?
Areas lying behind the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
What does the nasopharynx contain?
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) Eustachian tube
Where is the oropharynx?
Boundaries- soft palate to epiglottis, posterior- C2,C3 and anterior- oral cavity
What does the oropharynx contain?
Palatine tonsils
What are the boundaries of the laryngopharyx?
Boundaries- oropharynx to oesphagus, epiglottis to circoid cartilage, posterior- C4, C5, C6 and anterior- larynx
What is in the laryngopharynx?
Piriform fossa
Where do tonsils lie?
Within the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the palatopharyngeus innervation?
Vagus nerve
pharyngeal branch
What is the salpingopharyngeus innervations?
Vagus nerve
pharyngeal branch
What does the salpingopharyngeus merge with?
palatopharyngeus
What do the three longitudinal muscles do?
Lift up the pharynx during swallowing
Where does the stylopharyngeus attach?
Styloid process to posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Where does the palatopharyngeus attach?
Hard palate to posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Where does the salpingopharyngeus attach?
Cartilaginous part of ET- merges with palatopharyngeus
What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What are the three pharyngeal constrictors innervation?
Vagus nerve
Where is the pharyngeal plexus?
Located mainly on surface of middle constrictor muscle
Vagus , glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves
What is the motor innervation of the pharynx
Vagus apart from stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal
What is the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx?
Maxillary nerve
What is oropharynx innervated sensory by?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is laryngopharynx sensory innervation?
Vagus nerve
If damage to IX or X nerve what will happen?
Absent gag
Ulvula deviated away from lesions
If damage to XII nerve what will happen?
Wasted tongue
Deviates when stick out
What is the cause of a pharyngeal pouch?
Failure of UOS to relax
abnormal timing of swallowing e.g. if high pressure in laryngopharynx so weakness in inferior constrictor muscle producing outpouching
What are the symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?
Bad breath, regurgitation of food, occasional choking on fluids, difficulty swallowing
What are the causes of dysphagia?
Stroke, progressive neurological disease, COPD, dementia
What are the symptoms of dysphagia?
Coughing, choking, drooling
Pneumonia, change in voice, nasal regurgitation
What is more difficult to swallow fluid or food?
Fluid as difficult to coordinate- thicken
What are the causes of enlarged adenoids?
infection, allergies or enlarged at birth
What are the symptoms of enlarged adenoids?
Block nose, ear problems, snoring, sore throat, trouble sleeping and swallowing etc
How would you check for glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve injury?
Ask to say ahhh or check gag reflex
How would you check hypoglossal nerve?
Stick out tongue and see if deviates towards the side of lesion
Tongue wasting
