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Head And Neck > Oral cavity and pharynx > Flashcards

Oral cavity and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the motor muscles of the tongue innervated by?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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2
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Geniohyoidus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

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3
Q

What is the sensation of the anterior tongue innervated by?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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4
Q

What is the taste of the anterior tongue innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

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5
Q

What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongues sensation and taste innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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6
Q

What is the drainage of the submandibular gland?

A

Wharton duct- how saliva enters mouth

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7
Q

What is the drainage of the salivary gland?

A

Stensen duct- around 2nd premolar

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8
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Inflammation of the tonsils (palatine)

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9
Q

What causes tonsillitis?

A

Viral and bacterial causes

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of the tonsillitis?

A

Fever, sore throat, pain and difficulty swallowing, cervical lymph nodes, bad breath

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11
Q

What is another word for a peritonsillar abscess?

A

Quinsy

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12
Q

What is a peritonsillar abscess?

A

Follow on from tonsilitis or arise on own

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of the peritonsillar abscess?

A

Severe throat pain, fever, bad breath, drooling, difficulty opening mouth

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14
Q

What is a salivary gland stone (sialolithiasis)?

A

Mainly in submandibular glands

Most stones less than 1cm

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15
Q

What causes a salivary gland stone?

A

Dehydration so reduced salivary flow

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?

A

Pain in gland
Swelling
Infection

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17
Q

How are salivary gland stones diagnosed?

A

History
X ray
Sialogram

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18
Q

What is special about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Not connected to bone

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19
Q

What is the palatoglossus innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve

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20
Q

Where does the sublingual gland lie and come out?

A

Underneath the tongue

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21
Q

What is the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

A

Base of skull to upper border of soft palate, posterior C1 and C2, anterior nasal cavity

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22
Q

What are the pharynx’s?

A

Areas lying behind the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

23
Q

What does the nasopharynx contain?

A 
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Eustachian tube
24
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Boundaries- soft palate to epiglottis, posterior- C2,C3 and anterior- oral cavity

25
Q

What does the oropharynx contain?

A

Palatine tonsils

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharyx?

A

Boundaries- oropharynx to oesphagus, epiglottis to circoid cartilage, posterior- C4, C5, C6 and anterior- larynx

27
Q

What is in the laryngopharynx?

A

Piriform fossa

28
Q

Where do tonsils lie?

A

Within the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

29
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

30
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus innervation?

A

Vagus nerve

pharyngeal branch

31
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeus innervations?

A

Vagus nerve

pharyngeal branch

32
Q

What does the salpingopharyngeus merge with?

A

palatopharyngeus

33
Q

What do the three longitudinal muscles do?

A

Lift up the pharynx during swallowing

34
Q

Where does the stylopharyngeus attach?

A

Styloid process to posterior border of thyroid cartilage

35
Q

Where does the palatopharyngeus attach?

A

Hard palate to posterior border of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

Where does the salpingopharyngeus attach?

A

Cartilaginous part of ET- merges with palatopharyngeus

37
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

38
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors innervation?

A

Vagus nerve

39
Q

Where is the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Located mainly on surface of middle constrictor muscle

Vagus , glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves

40
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx

A

Vagus apart from stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal

41
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx?

A

Maxillary nerve

42
Q

What is oropharynx innervated sensory by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

43
Q

What is laryngopharynx sensory innervation?

A

Vagus nerve

44
Q

If damage to IX or X nerve what will happen?

A

Absent gag

Ulvula deviated away from lesions

45
Q

If damage to XII nerve what will happen?

A

Wasted tongue

Deviates when stick out

46
Q

What is the cause of a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Failure of UOS to relax
abnormal timing of swallowing e.g. if high pressure in laryngopharynx so weakness in inferior constrictor muscle producing outpouching

47
Q

What are the symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?

A

Bad breath, regurgitation of food, occasional choking on fluids, difficulty swallowing

48
Q

What are the causes of dysphagia?

A

Stroke, progressive neurological disease, COPD, dementia

49
Q

What are the symptoms of dysphagia?

A

Coughing, choking, drooling

Pneumonia, change in voice, nasal regurgitation

50
Q

What is more difficult to swallow fluid or food?

A

Fluid as difficult to coordinate- thicken

51
Q

What are the causes of enlarged adenoids?

A

infection, allergies or enlarged at birth

52
Q

What are the symptoms of enlarged adenoids?

A

Block nose, ear problems, snoring, sore throat, trouble sleeping and swallowing etc

53
Q

How would you check for glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve injury?

A

Ask to say ahhh or check gag reflex

54
Q

How would you check hypoglossal nerve?

A

Stick out tongue and see if deviates towards the side of lesion
Tongue wasting

Head And Neck (18 decks)

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