Vasculitis Flashcards
What is vasculitis?
Inflammation of the blood vessels with ischaemia and necrosis
What are the two main groups of vasculitis?
Large vessel vasculitis
Small vessel vasculitis
How is small vessel vasculitis subdivided?
ANCA positive and ANCA negative
Give some examples of ANCA positive small vessel vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegeners’)
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
Give some examples of large vessel vasculitis
Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis
Giant cell arteritis commonly affects those under 40 while Takayasu arteritis affects those over 50. True/false?
False - Takayasu is younger patients while giant cell is older
What are the presenting symptoms of large vessel vasculitis?
Claudication symptoms
Bruit
Headache
Why is temporal arteritis a risk factor for blindness?
As the temporal artery supplies the optic nerve
How is giant cell arteritis investigated?
Inflammatory markers (ESR, PV, CRP)
Temporal artery biopsy
PET CT scan
How is large vessel vasculitis managed?
40-60mg prednisolone
GPA is commoner in who?
Northern European men (oh no)
GPA commonly causes symptoms in which body system?
ENT
What are some ENT symptoms of GPA?
Sinusitis
Nosebleeds
Hearing loss
Name some other symptoms seen in GPA
Purpuric rash Renal failure Haemoptysis Mononeuritis multiplex Conjunctivitis
What are the main differences between EGPA and GPA?
EGPA is associated with late onset asthma and has high eosinophil count
cANCA is specific for GPA. True/false?
True
EGPA is associated with what strain of ANCA?
pANCA
How is small vessel vasculitis treated?
IV steroids and cyclophosphamide
What is the main ANCA negative small vessel vasculitis?
Henoch-Scholein
Henoch-Scholein is mediated by what?
IgA
How does Henoch-Scholein classically present?
Rash over feet and back of legs reaching buttocks
